Histiocytic sarcomas Flashcards
Histiocytic sarcoma behavior
- ROUND CELL TUMORS (or very high grade sarcomas)
How will histiocytic sarcomas often report?
- Round cell sarcoma, histiocytic tumor possible
Cell origin for histiocytic sarcomas
- Macrophage origin
- Macrophages or antigen presenting cells
Signalment for histiocytic sarcomas
- Flat coated retrievers are the poster child
- Golden Retrievers
- Rottweilers
- Any age, sex, or breed
Presentation for histiocytic sarcomas
- masses often associated with muscle groups or joints but can be anywhere
- Often painful
- Often require HIC for correct diagnosis
Staging for histiocytic sarcoma
- Draining lymph node, though sometimes the tumor appears to arise in a lymph node
- Lungs (like a round cell)
- Abdomen - liver and spleen
Treatment for histiocytic sarcoma - when to do?
- HAS to be localized to one site (stage 1)
Treatment for histiocytic sarcoma
- Surgery (if you can remove with minimal morbidity)
- Radiation therapy (palliative protocol)
- Chemotherapy with lomustine
Prognosis for histiocytic sarcoma
- Rarely curable, but will initially respond to treatment
Median survival for histiocytic sarcoma
- 9 months with radiation and lomustine
- Long term survival (+/-) cure when low stage
What is a histiocytoma?
- Langerhans cell proliferation
How do histiocytomas present?
- Dermal nodules in a young dog, often on the extremities
Histiocytoma prognosis and treatment
- Very good
- Spontaneously regress or removal curative
Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma or malignant histiocytosis - what is the cell type that causes?
- Phagocytic macrophages
WHo gets hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma?
- Most common in Bernese mountain dogs
- Can occur in other breeds
Common presenting complaints for hemophagocytic form of histiocytic sarcoma
- SEVERE anemia (immature cells coming out)
- Responsive
- Coombs negative
Treatment for histiocytic sarcoma hemophagocytic form
- None at this time
- MAYBe lomustine early on?
RECAP: Which sarcomas have we learned about?
- Osteosarcoma
- Soft tissue sarcoma
- Hemangiosarcoma
Tissue of origin for sarcomas?
- Mesenchymal tumors
How do sarcomas spread?
- Via blood
- LOOK AT THE LUNG
Metastatic potential for sarcomas
- Depends on grade
Which round cell tumors have we learned about?
- Lymphoma
- Mast cell tumors
- Histiocytic sarcomas
Round cell tumor lines in general
- Hematopoietic cells
How do round cell tumors tend to spread?
- Lymphatics
- Lymph nodes, spleen, and liver
Carcinomas - where do they arise?
- epithelial surfaces and glandular structures
Carcinoma behavior locally
- Locally a little more circumscribed
- They tend to stick together
- Clean margins easier to do with ~1 cm margin
Where do carcinomas tend to metastasize?
- Lymph nodes more than blood
