Histamine and 3 Toxicology Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 drugs can mediate histamine release through non IgE pathway?

A
d-tubocurare
succinylcholine
morphine
codeine
doxorubicin
protamine
Vancomycin
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2
Q

What drug causes the side effect of red man syndrome?

A

Vancomycin

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3
Q

What two drugs stabilize mast cells, decrease allergic rhinitis symptoms, have prophylactic use to block asthmatic runs?

A

Cromolyn

Nedocromil

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4
Q

What 2 drugs can induce cytolytic release?

A

phenothiazines

narcotic analgesics

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5
Q

What are 5 1st generation antihistamine drugs?

A
Triprolidine
Diphenhydramine
Promethazine
Hydroxyzine
Chlorpheniramine
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6
Q

What are 6 2nd generation antihistamine drugs?

A
Ioratadine
Desloratadine
Terfenadine
Fexofendaine
Azelastine
Cetirizine
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7
Q

What is the active metabolite of loratadine?

A

desloratadine

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8
Q

What is the active metabolite of terfenadine?

A

fexofenadine

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9
Q

What two antihistamines were pulled from the market due to risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias when taken with ketoconazole, erythromycin, and clarithromycin? They also cause torsades de pointes

A

Terfenadine

Astemizole

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10
Q

What is the most effective antihistamine for motion sickness?

A

promethazine

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11
Q

What are 4 antihistamines that prevent symptoms of motion sickness?

A

promethazine
diphenhydramine
cyclizine
meclizine

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12
Q

What anticholinergic drug is the most effective drug to prevent motion sickness?

A

scopolamine

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13
Q

What 2 drugs prevent N/V and are a part of the phenothiazine class?

A

promethazine

timeprazine

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14
Q

What 2 antihistamines are used as sleep medications?

A

Diphenhydramine

Doxylamine

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15
Q

What antihistamine is used for it’s antiparkinsonism effects?

A

Diphenhydramine

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16
Q

What are 2 drugs used for local anesthetic actions?

A

Promethazine

Diphenhydramine

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17
Q

What are the 4 uses of Diphenhydramine besides using it as an antihistamine?

A

Motion sickness
Sleep medication
Antiparkinsonism effects
Local anesthetic actions

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18
Q

What antihistamine has 50-90% H1 receptors in CNS bound?

A

Doxepin

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19
Q

This drug affects the alpha receptor for BP control and causes hemolytic anemia

A

Methyldopa

20
Q

These 3 drugs cause lupus like syndrome

A

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide

21
Q

What 7 drugs can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

A
Barbiturates
Sulfonamides
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
Penicillins
22
Q

What drug’s metabolite can cause liver damage?

A

Acetaminophen

23
Q

What 5 drugs classes and 3 specific drugs cause progressive renal failure?

A

Class: NSAIDs, ACEI, antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, immunomodulators
Specific: Gentamicin, Amphotericin B, Contrast Media

24
Q

What drug causes dose related nephrotoxicity?

A

Contrast media

25
Q

What drug causes high frequency of kidney injury because it’s mechanism for efficacy is shared by mechanism responsible for toxicity?

A

Amphotericin B

26
Q

What drug causes renal tubular injury reversible by cessation?

A

Gentamicin

27
Q

What drug caues a production of reactive oxygen species which can be directly cytotoxic to myocytes?

A

Doxorubicin

28
Q

What 2 drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Bleomycin

Amiodarone

29
Q

What drug causes emesis and vomiting within 20 minutes of taking?

A

Syrup of Ipecac

30
Q

What drug is used in whole bowel irrigation?

A

Golytely

31
Q

What chelator is used for arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol (BAL)

32
Q

What chelator is used for copper, lead, mercury, arsenic toxicity?

A

Penicillamine

33
Q

What chelator is used for iron toxicity?

A

Deferoxamine

34
Q

What chelator is used for lead, arsenic, and mercury poisoning?

A

DMSA (Succimer)

35
Q

What chelator is used for lead toxicity?

A

Edetate Calcium Disodium (EDTA)

36
Q

What antivenin is used for rattlesnake envenomation?

A

crotalidae antivenin

37
Q

What biologics is used for botulism A, B, and E?

A

Trivalent botulism

38
Q

What antivenin is used for eastern and Texas coral snake envenomation?

A

Elapidae Antivenin

39
Q

What biologic is used for Digoxin and Digitoxin?

A

Digoxin Immune Fab

40
Q

What antivenin is used for black widow spider envenomation?

A

Lactrodectus Antivenin

41
Q

What is the antidote to organosphosphate and pesticide poisoning?

A

atropine

42
Q

What is the antidote to methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Fomepizole

43
Q

What is the antidote to opiods?

A

Naloxone

44
Q

What is the antidote to acetaminophen toxicity?

A

N-acetylcysteine

45
Q

What is the antidote to benzodiazepine toxicity?

A

Flumazenil