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Respo Pharma > Histamine > Flashcards

Histamine Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds formed by tissues and act on them are?

A

Autacoids

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2
Q

What is histamine?

A

Chemical messenger generated by mast cells

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3
Q

Response of histamine?

A
  1. Allergic and inflammatory reactions (act on IgE)
  2. Gastric acid secretion
  3. Neurotransmitter.
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4
Q

Synthesis of histamine?

A

Decarboxylation of histidine by enzyme histidine decarboxylase.

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5
Q

If histamine is not stored in granules, it is inactivated by?

A

Amine oxidase

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6
Q

Stimuli for histamine release?

A

Destruction of cell by any trauma
Allergies
Anaphylaxis

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7
Q

MOA of H1 receptors

A

Smooth muscle contraction
Increasing capillaries permeability
Enhance cytokines release

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8
Q

Pros of 1st generation H1 antihistamine?

A

More effective and inexpensive

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9
Q

Cons of 1st generation H1 antihistamine?

A

Cross CNS and causes sedation.

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10
Q

Why are 2nd generation drugs more preferred?

A

Cannot cross CNS, no sedation

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11
Q

DOC for allergic rhinitis and utricia?

A

Oral antihistamines

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12
Q

Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Azelastine
Olopatadine
Ketotifen

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13
Q

H1 antihistamine are contraindicated in which condition?

A

Bronchial asthma
Pts on Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) therapy.
Pts undergoing treatment for Alzheimer disease

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14
Q

DOC for acute anaphylactic shock?

A

Epinephrine

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15
Q

Drugs for motion sickness?

A
  1. Diphenhydramine
  2. Diphenhydrinate (above drug + theophylline)
  3. Cyclizine
  4. Meclizine
  5. Promethazine
  6. Scopolamine
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16
Q

DOC for vertigo associated with vestibular disorders?

A

Meclizine

17
Q

Drugs for insomnia?

A
  1. Diphenhydramine

2. Doxylamine

18
Q

Second generation H1 antihistamine drugs?

A
  1. Loratadine
  2. Fexofrnadine
  3. Desloratadine
  4. Cetirizine
19
Q

H1 antihistamine act on which other receptors?

A

Cholinergic
Alpha adrenergic
Serotonin

20
Q

Drug acting on serotonin causing what?

A

Cyproheptadine causes increase in appetite.

21
Q

Adverse effects of H1 antihistamine?

A
  1. Sedation (fatigue, dizziness, tremors)
  2. Dryness of nasal passage and mouth (anticholinergic)
  3. Urinary retention/blurred vision
  4. Headache
  5. Contact dermatitis
22
Q

Overdose of H1 antihistamine cause?

A

Hallucinations, excitement, ataxia, convulsions, coma.

23
Q

MOA of H2 antihistamine?

A

Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion.

24
Q

H2 antihistamine are used for?

A

Treatment of ulcers and heartburn

25
Q

H2 antihistamine drugs?

A

Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

Respo Pharma (4 decks)

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