HIST (Hagen): Hematopoiesis Flashcards
Do cytokines and interleukins travel in blood? and what are they?
yup.
immune response cell signals
do RBCs and platelets stay in bloodstream?
yup!
do WBCs stay in blood?
they are suspended in blood, but they exit the bloodstream to enter lymph to put in work
What is serum?
(Serum) = ( plasma - clotting factors)
are most lab tests w/ plasma or serum?
serum!
What do we do we patient is bleeding due to lack of clotting factors?
transfer frozen plasma
When and where do you first see RBCs?
At two weeks (MESOBLASTIC PHASE)
In the yolk sac
When do you first see blood develop in liver?
At six weeks (HEPATIC PHASE).
When do you first see WBC develop?
At eight weeks (we didn’t really have a specific phase to it, for the record)
When do you begin to see blood in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow?
In the second trimester (splenic phase)
When do you see the myeloid phase?
end of second trimester
From birth two 20 yrs, a lot of blood cells are made in bone marrow, but what happens after age 20?
bone marrow gets replaced by fat.
and by age 20, only sternum and hips are sites of bone marrow
When can you reactivate splenic hematopoesis in adults
under severe blood loss
Where is blood first made?
long bone marrow
where do myeloid cells from bone marrow mature?
they mature once they enter bloodstream
where do B lymphocytes mature?
in the gut or in lymphocytes
where do T cells mature?
in the thymus
What’s sinusoidal circulation
blood circulation in bone marrow
Advantageal reticular cells? (not to confuse with reticulocye)
provide good framework for bone marrow cells to develop
How would we identify mekaryocytes on bone marrow pics?
They’re multinucleated, but you cant see that on the slide. they kinda look like big lymphocytes on the bone marrow preps
How do apdipocytes look like?
like big white circles without a nucleue
How often to pluripotent cells divide and what do they divide into?
Not often!
they divide into OTHER STEM CELLS. namely multipotent stem cells
Why are lymphoid cells and myeloid cells said to be from the same line?
They come from the same mutipotent stem cell line.
CFU-gemm vs CFU-ly
What are multipotent stem cells?
cells that the pluripotent stem cells differentiated to! They divide into more limited number of lineages, for example cfu-gemm divides into five types of cfu progenitors of the myeloid line. similarly, cfu-ly differentiates into cfu lymphoid B and T lineages.
Progenitor cells
They have a direct path, BUT they can self propagate. AKA unipotential cells
Precursor cells
just generate downward; they don’t seem to self propagate like progenitors
Identify RBC
VERY NUMEROUS. No nuclei.
Salmon pink w/ central pallor.
Normocytic are 7mm across.
They got hemoglobin, but no organlelles
Identify platelet
Platelet full of organelles. they come from mekaryocytes. they keep us from bleeding.
They’re numerous and look like debri.
MAKE SURE that you see them on slide
What kinds of WBC are there?
granulocytes and agranulocyte
Identify Neutrophils
. 3-4 lobes.
Have little blue granules, which are actually LYSOSOMES coz they need them to engulf bacteria
they also have toxin enzymes in their granules
Eusniophils
They have red/pink granules.
TWO LOBES.
They have histaminase, which breaks down histamine.
We look for eusoniphils in blood to check for allergic RXN
Basophils
Have so many blue granules that you cant see nucleus.
S-shaped nucleus
They release histamines.
Lymphocyte
NO GRANULES. Circular nucleus same size as RBC, just a little bit of cytoplasm.
In immune response
Monocytes
Have a lot of cytoplasm.
Twice as big as RBC and a kidneys shaped nucleus.
Biggest fasho.
They are the garbage disposals of the body.
they also become macrophages.
What two types of WBC lack granules?
lymphocytes and monocytes
What does HBG stand for?
Hemoglobin parameter
What does HCT stand for?
Hematocrit
What tests might be recommended w/a low hcb and hct in a patient who seems to show anemia?
o2 saturation .
and morphology to check for anemia type.
also look for vitamin deficiencies.
WE WANNA DO A BLOOD SMEAR FASHO
What does spectrin do in the plasma lemma (cell membrane) of cell?
It gives it shape and allows for bending. it’s a double heliced polymer
How can you determine blood type?
by the sugars on the RBC surface
What are they longest living WBCs?
Basophils and lymphocytes
What are the short living WBCs?
Neutrophils and Eusinophils
Which ones phagocytize bacteria?
Neutrophils
Which ones phagocytize paracytes
Eusinophils, who also happen to carry histaminase
What keeps platelets in shape?
Microtubles.
What cell components do platelets have?
alpha granules which are important for FXN.
lysosomes and all other other sorts of organelles. ‘
but no nuclues
What does hemostasis mean?
process of stopping bleeding
What lines blood vessels? And what does this lining contain?
Simple endothelial cells.
Contains clotting factors
and signals to vasodilate/vasoconstrict
When vessel is cut, what’s the first response? (at least according to her notes)
platelets aggregate to the non-smooth surface.
This causes Vasoconstriction.
fibrin then eventually gets into the mix.
What is petechia? And what is it indicative of?
it’s bleeding on the roof of the mouth. it’s indcative of anemia or clotting disorder (lack of platelets or defective clotting factors).
Hemostasis not working out.
Where does a bone marrow biopsy poke?
in adults, you’d check at the hips. maybe the sternum would be an acceptable site since it also has bone marrow.
just BSing last point but makes sense.
