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Block 1 Week 3 > HIST (Hagen): Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

HIST (Hagen): Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Do cytokines and interleukins travel in blood? and what are they?

A

yup.

immune response cell signals

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2
Q

do RBCs and platelets stay in bloodstream?

A

yup!

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3
Q

do WBCs stay in blood?

A

they are suspended in blood, but they exit the bloodstream to enter lymph to put in work

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4
Q

What is serum?

A

(Serum) = ( plasma - clotting factors)

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5
Q

are most lab tests w/ plasma or serum?

A

serum!

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6
Q

What do we do we patient is bleeding due to lack of clotting factors?

A

transfer frozen plasma

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7
Q

When and where do you first see RBCs?

A

At two weeks (MESOBLASTIC PHASE)

In the yolk sac

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8
Q

When do you first see blood develop in liver?

A

At six weeks (HEPATIC PHASE).

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9
Q

When do you first see WBC develop?

A

At eight weeks (we didn’t really have a specific phase to it, for the record)

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10
Q

When do you begin to see blood in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow?

A

In the second trimester (splenic phase)

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11
Q

When do you see the myeloid phase?

A

end of second trimester

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12
Q

From birth two 20 yrs, a lot of blood cells are made in bone marrow, but what happens after age 20?

A

bone marrow gets replaced by fat.

and by age 20, only sternum and hips are sites of bone marrow

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13
Q

When can you reactivate splenic hematopoesis in adults

A

under severe blood loss

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14
Q

Where is blood first made?

A

long bone marrow

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15
Q

where do myeloid cells from bone marrow mature?

A

they mature once they enter bloodstream

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16
Q

where do B lymphocytes mature?

A

in the gut or in lymphocytes

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17
Q

where do T cells mature?

A

in the thymus

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18
Q

What’s sinusoidal circulation

A

blood circulation in bone marrow

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19
Q

Advantageal reticular cells? (not to confuse with reticulocye)

A

provide good framework for bone marrow cells to develop

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20
Q

How would we identify mekaryocytes on bone marrow pics?

A

They’re multinucleated, but you cant see that on the slide. they kinda look like big lymphocytes on the bone marrow preps

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21
Q

How do apdipocytes look like?

A

like big white circles without a nucleue

22
Q

How often to pluripotent cells divide and what do they divide into?

A

Not often!

they divide into OTHER STEM CELLS. namely multipotent stem cells

23
Q

Why are lymphoid cells and myeloid cells said to be from the same line?

A

They come from the same mutipotent stem cell line.

CFU-gemm vs CFU-ly

24
Q

What are multipotent stem cells?

A

cells that the pluripotent stem cells differentiated to! They divide into more limited number of lineages, for example cfu-gemm divides into five types of cfu progenitors of the myeloid line. similarly, cfu-ly differentiates into cfu lymphoid B and T lineages.

25
Q

Progenitor cells

A

They have a direct path, BUT they can self propagate. AKA unipotential cells

26
Q

Precursor cells

A

just generate downward; they don’t seem to self propagate like progenitors

27
Q

Identify RBC

A

VERY NUMEROUS. No nuclei.
Salmon pink w/ central pallor.
Normocytic are 7mm across.
They got hemoglobin, but no organlelles

28
Q

Identify platelet

A

Platelet full of organelles. they come from mekaryocytes. they keep us from bleeding.
They’re numerous and look like debri.
MAKE SURE that you see them on slide

29
Q

What kinds of WBC are there?

A

granulocytes and agranulocyte

30
Q

Identify Neutrophils

A

. 3-4 lobes.
Have little blue granules, which are actually LYSOSOMES coz they need them to engulf bacteria
they also have toxin enzymes in their granules

31
Q

Eusniophils

A

They have red/pink granules.
TWO LOBES.
They have histaminase, which breaks down histamine.
We look for eusoniphils in blood to check for allergic RXN

32
Q

Basophils

A

Have so many blue granules that you cant see nucleus.
S-shaped nucleus
They release histamines.

33
Q

Lymphocyte

A

NO GRANULES. Circular nucleus same size as RBC, just a little bit of cytoplasm.
In immune response

34
Q

Monocytes

A

Have a lot of cytoplasm.
Twice as big as RBC and a kidneys shaped nucleus.
Biggest fasho.
They are the garbage disposals of the body.
they also become macrophages.

35
Q

What two types of WBC lack granules?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

36
Q

What does HBG stand for?

A

Hemoglobin parameter

37
Q

What does HCT stand for?

A

Hematocrit

38
Q

What tests might be recommended w/a low hcb and hct in a patient who seems to show anemia?

A

o2 saturation .
and morphology to check for anemia type.
also look for vitamin deficiencies.

WE WANNA DO A BLOOD SMEAR FASHO

39
Q

What does spectrin do in the plasma lemma (cell membrane) of cell?

A

It gives it shape and allows for bending. it’s a double heliced polymer

40
Q

How can you determine blood type?

A

by the sugars on the RBC surface

41
Q

What are they longest living WBCs?

A

Basophils and lymphocytes

42
Q

What are the short living WBCs?

A

Neutrophils and Eusinophils

43
Q

Which ones phagocytize bacteria?

A

Neutrophils

44
Q

Which ones phagocytize paracytes

A

Eusinophils, who also happen to carry histaminase

45
Q

What keeps platelets in shape?

A

Microtubles.

46
Q

What cell components do platelets have?

A

alpha granules which are important for FXN.
lysosomes and all other other sorts of organelles. ‘
but no nuclues

47
Q

What does hemostasis mean?

A

process of stopping bleeding

48
Q

What lines blood vessels? And what does this lining contain?

A

Simple endothelial cells.
Contains clotting factors
and signals to vasodilate/vasoconstrict

49
Q

When vessel is cut, what’s the first response? (at least according to her notes)

A

platelets aggregate to the non-smooth surface.
This causes Vasoconstriction.
fibrin then eventually gets into the mix.

50
Q

What is petechia? And what is it indicative of?

A

it’s bleeding on the roof of the mouth. it’s indcative of anemia or clotting disorder (lack of platelets or defective clotting factors).
Hemostasis not working out.

51
Q

Where does a bone marrow biopsy poke?

A

in adults, you’d check at the hips. maybe the sternum would be an acceptable site since it also has bone marrow.
just BSing last point but makes sense.

Block 1 Week 3 (10 decks)

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