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HIST 1120 > HIST 1120 Midterm > Flashcards

HIST 1120 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Who - Italian explorer under the Spanish flag, sponsored by Ferdinand/Isabella
What - Discovered the Americas for Europe, opened the way for European exploration, colonization, and exploitation in the Americas
When - 1492
Where - Caribbean Islands, South/Central America
HS - Columbian Exchange - global exchange of plants, animals, people, disease (Africa, Europe, Asia - America)

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2
Q

Treaty of Torsdesillas

A

Who - Pope Alexander VI
What - An agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide the newly discovered land (West-Spain, East-Portugal)
When - 1494
Where - Parts of Africa/Asia, Edge of Brazil, Portugal/Spain
HS - Contributed to the vast global networks of trade, colonization, and exploitation

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3
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Who - Spanish conquistador
What - Conquered the Aztec Empire
When - 1519-1521
Where - Mexico
HS - Further spread the European dominance in the Americas, Spanish colonization, exploitation and dominance in the Americas, brought diseases (small pox)

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4
Q

Yongle Emperor

A

Who - Ming Dynasty Emperor
What - Commissioned Zhong He on treasure voyages, heavily relied on eunuchs to administer the empire
When - 1402-1424
Where - China
HS - Globalization by engaging in global trade and diplomacy across vast distances (Africa, Arabia, Southeast Asia)

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5
Q

Aurangzeb

A

Who - Mughal Emperor
What - Banned local Hindu practices, overturned Akbar’s policies
When - 1658-1707
Where - Mughal Empire, India
HS - Opened the door for British Imperialism, part of global Islamic renewal

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6
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

Who - Portuguese explorer
What - Discovered a new direct sea route from Europe to Asia
When - 1498
Where - Portugal, Africa, Asia
HS - Age of Exploration, contributed to the expansion of the Portuguese Empire and global trade, direct maritime route between Europe and Asia, European colonization in Asia

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7
Q

Kingdom of Kongo

A

Who - A West African kingdom that engaged with the Portuguese
What - Sold slaves to the Portuguese
When - 1480-1665
Where - Congo, Central Africa
HS - Involved with the Trans Atlantic slave trade, European colonization in Africa, Christianity spread in Africa

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8
Q

The Galileo Affair

A

Who - Galileo vs. The Catholic Church
What - A conflict between Galileo and the Catholic church about the Heliocentric model of the solar system
When - 1610-1633
Where - Rome, Italy
HS - Conflict between scientific inquiry and religious doctrine, advancing the Scientific Revolution, development of modern scientific methods

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9
Q

King Henry VIII

A

Who - King of England
What - Protestant Reformation, Church of England
When - 1507-1547
Where - England
HS - Started the Protestant Reformation, paved the way for constitutional monarchy later in England

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10
Q

Council of Trent

A

Who - Pope, Jesuits, Charles V
What - Convened in response to the growing influence of the Protestant Reformation
When - 1545-1563
Where - Trent, Italy
HS - Foundation of the Counter-Reformation, reassert its influence and spread Catholicism in regions affected by the Protestant Reformation

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11
Q

Schmalkaldic League

A

Who - A defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman empire
What - Established to protect the interests of the Lutheran princes against the Catholic Church/Charles V
When - 1531
Where - Germany
HS - Established political/military resistance that helped secure the survival of the Lutheran faith

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12
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Who - King Henry IV of France
What - Enacted a decree granting religious freedom to the Huguenots
When - 1598
Where - France
HS - Enlightenment ideas advocating for freedom of religion

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13
Q

Matteo Ricci

A

Who - Italian Jesuit missionary
What - Tried to bridge European and Chinese cultures through intellectual exchange, science, and faith
When - 1582-1610
Where - China
HS - Christianity in Asia*

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14
Q

The Enlightenment

A

Who - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What - An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, scientific inquiry, and challenging the monarchs/churches
When - 1685-1815
Where - Britain and France
HS - Laid the philosophical foundation for revolutions in France/Americas
Ideas of democracy, liberty, and equality

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15
Q

John Locke

A

Who - English philosopher
What - Advocated for the protection of natural rights
When - 1632-1704
Where - England
HS - Foundational in liberal democracy, American Revolution, and the U.S. Constitution

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16
Q

Seven Years’ War

A

Who - Major European powers (Britain, France, Austria)
What - A conflict between Britain and France over North American land claims (Pennsylvania) later to other parts of the world
When - 1756-1763
Where - America, Europe, Asia
HS - Reshaped colonial empires, setting the stage for Britain’s global dominance

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17
Q

Estates General

A

Who - A general assembly representing the 3 Estates of the French society: The clergy, the nobility, the common people (3rd Estate)
What - A legislature assembly organized by King Louis XVI to address France’s financial crisis
When - 1789
Where - France
HS - Led to the formation of the national assembly - start of French Revolution

18
Q

National Assembly

A

Who - Representatives of the 3rd Estate of France
What - A revolutionary legislative body committed to reforming the French government
When - 1789
Where - France
HS - Played a key role in the early stages of the French Revolution

19
Q

Maximilien Robespierre

A

Who - A radical Jacobin leader, key figure in the French Revolution
What - Oversaw the Reign of Terror and executed thousands
When - 1758-1794
Where - France
HS - Influenced future revolutions about the balance between liberty & order during revolutions

20
Q

Haitian Revolution

A

Who - Fighting against the French, Toussaint Louverture
What - The only successful slave revolt, Blood Revolution, For self-determination and emancipation
When - 1791-1804
Where - Haiti, Saint-Domingue
HS - Only successful slave revolt, war debts prevented it from prospering, inspired the French/American revolution, inspire revolutions through Latin America

21
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

Who - An American suffragist, social activist, led in women’s right movement
What - Formulated the first organized demand for women suffrage in the United States
When - 1815-1902
Where - United States
HS - Foundational figure in the women’s suffrage movement, Groundwork for the 19th amendment (women’s right to vote)

22
Q

Zong Ship

A

Who - A British ship with enslaved Africans
What - Killed over 130 enslaved Africans thrown overboard
When - 1781
Where - Atlantic Ocean
HS - Sparked outrage, key event in the British abolishment movement

23
Q

Olaudah Equiano

A

Who - An African slave who became a prominent abolitionist & author
What - Played an important role in the movement to abolish slavery
When - 1745-1797
Where - Nigeria, America
HS - Equiano’s writings were influential in raising awareness about slavery & pushing for its abolition

24
Q

Curse of Ham

A

Who - Southerners in American
What - Pro-slavery biblical argument in Genesis
When - 1830-1850s
Where - America
HS - Provided a theological rationale for slavery

25
Q

The Great Divergence

A

Who - Western Europe & the World
What - The process where Western Europe industrialized and developed rapidly while regions like China and India did not
When - 18-19th century
Where - Europe, China, India
HS - Led to European global dominance

26
Q

Scramble for Africa

A

Who - European powers (Britain, France, Germany, Belgium)
What - The rapid colonization and partition of Africa by European powers
When - 1880s-1914
Where - Africa
HS - Reshaped the continent politically, economically, socially leading to long-term consequences such as exploitation and struggles for independence

27
Q

Belgian Congo

A

Who - Belgium, King Leopold II, People of Congo
What - Horrible imperial domination, rubber extraction
When - 1875-1900, 1908, 1964
Where - Congo, Central Africa
HS - Other European countries confiscated the colony because of public outrage at the atrocities

28
Q

First Opium War

A

Who - China & Britain
What - A conflict between China and Britain over trade imbalances and opium trade
When - 1839-1842
Where - China
HS - China was forced to cede Hong Kong to Britain and open several ports to foreign trade. Downfall of China, British rule in China

29
Q

Sepoy Rebellion

A

Who - Indian military unit, trained by the British
What - Rebelling against English cultural and religious insensitivities and against the Mughals
When - 1857
Where - India
HS - The end of the Mughal dynasty, the beginning of complete British Imperial control of India

30
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

Who - Hong XuiQuan, rebelling against Qing dynasty and foreigners
What - Redistribute wealth and property, they want to end Qing dynasty, end foreign intervention, industrialized
When - 1850-1864
Where - China
HS - Leading to more foreign domination of China

31
Q

Suleyman I

A

Who - Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Suleyman the Magnificent)
What - Expanded the Ottoman Empire to its greatest territorial extent and reformed its legal system
When - 1494-1566
Where - Ottoman Empire (Southeast Europe, Middle East, North Africa)
HS - Shaped the history of the Middle East & Europe

32
Q

Janissaries

A

Who - Elite infantry units of the Ottoman Empire, Christian boys converted to Islam
What - Served as the Sultan’s personal guard and an elite military corps
When - 14th century until 1826
Where - Ottoman Empire
HS - Instrumental in Ottoman military conquest, politically powerful, leading to corruption

32
Q

Triple Entente & Triple Alliance

A

Who - Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia), Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
What - Two opposing alliances in Europe, leading up to WWI
When - Early 20th century
Where - Europe
HS - These alliances contributed to the tensions and mutual defense obligations that escalated into WWI

32
Q

Unigeniture

A

Who - European aristocrats and families
What - A system of inheritance in which only one heir (eldest son) inherits the family estate
When - Mid 1600s
Where - Europe
HS - Shaped European social structures, preserving aristocratic privilege and stability in noble families

33
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

Who - Russia and Japan
What - A war over imperial ambitions in Korea and Manchuria
When - 1904-1905
Where - East Asia
HS - First major military victory of an Asian power over a European one, Japan’s rise as modern military power

34
Q

Franz Ferdinand

A

Who - Archduke of Austria-Hungary
What - Assassination sparked World War I
When - Assassinated on June 28, 1914
Where - Austria
HS - His assassination triggered the cascade of alliances that led to the outbreak of WWI, reshaping global politics, collapse of empires

35
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

Who - Allied powers (Britain, France, US, Italy)
What - A conference to negotiate peace terms after WWI, resulting in the Treaty of Versailles
When - 1919
Where - Paris, France
HS - Led to the reorganization of European borders, establishment of League of Nations, harsh penalties on Germany - rise of Adolf Hitler & WWII

36
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

Who - Russian workers, priests, Tsarist troops
What - A peaceful workers’ march demanding reforms, which was violently suppressed by Tsarist troops
When - January 22, 1905
Where - Russia
HS -Sparked the Russian Revolutions (1905, 1917)

36
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

Who - Soviet Russia & Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
What - A peace treaty that ended Russia’s involvement in WWI
When - March 3, 1918
Where - Bresk-Litovsk
HS - Marked Russia’s exit from WWI, focus on internal consolidation during Russian Civil War

37
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Who - A Russian revolutionary & political leader
What - Led the Bolshevik party & found the Soviet state
When - 1870-1924
Where - Russia
HS - Rise of the Soviet Union and influencing communist movements

HIST 1120 (1 decks)

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