His025 Test #2 Flashcards
John Quincy Adams
statesman, politician, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist, the sixth president of the United States, the eighth United States secretary of state
Adams-Onis Treaty
was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and Mexico.
Monroe Doctrine
A United States foreign policy position that opposes European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.
Missouri Compromise
a federal legislation of the United States that balanced desires of northern states to prevent the expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it
Panic of 1819
the first widespread and durable financial crisis in the United States that slowed westward expansion in the Cotton Belt and was followed by a general collapse of the American economy
Andrew Jackson
an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States, he gained fame as a general in the U.S. Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress
National Republicans/Whigs
Anti-Masons, disaffected Jacksonians and people whose last political activity had been with the Federalists a decade before
Democrats
Democratic Party was the party of the “common man”. It opposed the abolition of slavery.
Henry Clay
American lawyer and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state.
John C. Calhoun
an American statesman and political theorist who served as the seventh vice president of the United States, defended American slavery and sought to protect the interests of white Southerners.
Nullification
is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal laws which they deem unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution
Trail of Tears
the forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the “Five Civilized Tribes” between 1830 and 1850
Robert Fulton
inventor who is widely credited with developing the world’s first commercially successful steamboat,
Erie Canal
the canal was the first navigable waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes,
John Deere
developed the first commercially successful, self-scouring steel plow in 1837
Cyrus McCormack
invented the mechanical reaper,
Cotton Gin
a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, and was created by Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts
parts that are identical for practical purposes. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type.
Who Invented interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
Sweat Industries
poverty-level wages, excessive hours of labour, and unsafe or unhealthful workplace conditions.
Commonwealth v. Hunt
was a case in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the subject of labor unions.
Horace Mann
He spearheaded the Common School Movement, ensuring that every child could receive a basic education funded by local taxes
Abolition
is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.
William Lloyd Garrison
as an American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known for his widely read anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator
Grimke Sisters
Sarah Moore Grimké and Angelina Emily Grimké, were the first nationally-known white American female advocates of the abolition of slavery and women’s rights.
Frederick Douglass
After escaping from slavery in Maryland, became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, during which he gained fame for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.
Harriet Tubman
using the Underground Railroad, to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including her family and friends
Temperance Movement
with a goal of changing attitudes towards alcohol consumption in the United States, encouraged drinkers to help each other to resist temptation
Seneca Falls Convention
the first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman”
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
was an American leader in the women’s rights movement who, in 1848, formulated the first organized demand for woman suffrage in the United States
Denmark Vesey and Nat turner
most infamous slave revolts were those led by Gabriel Prosser, Denmark Vesey, and Nat Turner. Although all three men were ultimately apprehended and executed
San Jacinto
gave Texas its independence from Mexico and opened the door for the continued westward expansion of the United States.
Manifest Destiny
the divinely ordained right of the United States to expand its borders to the Pacific Ocean and beyond
Oregon Territory
all of the present day states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming.
54 40 or fight
the United States ought to claim all the territory up to 54 degrees and 40 minutes north parallel or fight Great Britain for the land
Ostend Manifesto
was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused
James Polk
the 11th president of the United States, He also served as the 13th speaker of the House of Representatives. the ninth governor of Tennessee
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
ended the war between the United States and Mexico.
Mexican Cession
Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the present-day states California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming.
Gadsden Purchase
an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico.
Forty Niners
a person who migrated to California in the year 1849 to search for gold
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
agreement that stated that both the United States and the United Kingdom were not to colonize or control any Central American republic. The purpose was to prevent one country from building a canal across Central America.
Henry David Thoreau
American essayist, poet, and practical philosopher, He was also an advocate of civil liberties, as evidenced in the essay “Civil Disobedience”
Wilmot Proviso
an unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War
Compromise of 1850
the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. California entered the Union as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah.
Fugitive Slave law of 1850
The act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state.
Popular Sovereignty
the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote.
Stephen Douglas
Stephen Arnold Douglas was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois. A senator, he was one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party for president in the 1860 presidential election,
Bleeding Kansas
a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859
Uncle Toms Cabin
an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
UnderGround RailRoad
the resistance to enslavement through escape and flight, through the end of the Civil War
Dred Scott decision
was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that held the U.S. Constitution did not extend American citizenship to people of black African descent
Freeport Doctrine
The Freeport Doctrine was articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates
John Brown
John Brown was a prominent leader in the American abolitionist movement in the decades preceding the Civil War.
Harpers Ferry
Brown and his men captured prominent citizens and seized the federal armory and arsenal.
Republican Party
The party opposed the expansion of slavery before 1861 and led the fight to destroy the Confederate States of America
American Party
The American Party of the United States is a conservative political party in the United States. The party adheres to its Permanent Principles, which were established in 1969.
Know Nothings
The Know Nothing movement was a nativist political movement in the United States in the mid-1850s. The national political organization of the Know Nothings was officially known as the “Native American Party” prior to 1855; thereafter, it was simply known as the “American Party”.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman, who served as the 16th president of the United States,
Crittenden compromise
an unsuccessful proposal to permanently enshrine slavery in the United States Constitution, and thereby make it unconstitutional for future congresses to end slavery.
Fort Sumter
What happened at the battle of fort sumter
Confederate victory. With supplies nearly exhausted and his troops outnumbered, Union major Robert Anderson surrendered
Jefferson Davis
served as the first and only president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party before the American Civil War
Robert E. Lee
his greatest contribution to the United States was his effort to reunite the country following the American Civil War.
Ulysses E. Lee
played a crucial role in restoring peace following the war.
