Hip Region Flashcards
Learn Ligaments + Muscle Attachment Sites, Actions & Nerve Supply
Iliofemoral Lig. Attach. Sites??
Prevents?
Additional Info?
- AIIS and acetabular rim > intertrochanteric line
- Hyperextension of hip joint in standing
- Possibly strongest Lig. in body
- Most sturdy w/ Hip in Extension + Med. Rotation + slight Abduction
Pubofemoral Lig. Attachment Sites??
Prevents?
Obturator Crest > Ant. to lesser trochanter
Excessive Abduction
Ischiofemoral Lig. Attach Sites??
Prevents?
Post. Surface Acetabular rim > Medial to Base of Greater Trochanter
Excessive Rotation
Ligament of Head Of Femur Attach Sites??
Important Info?
Additional Info?
Acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament > Fovea of head of femur
Contains artery to head of femur within the ligament (acetabular branch of obturator artery)
Is intracapsular but extrasynovial
(Within Capsule but has its own synovial membrane)
Transverse Acetabular Lig.
Orbicular Zone
Attachments?
Crosses the acetabular notch
deep fibres of capsule > encircle neck of femur
Psoas Major Attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Lat. aspect bodies of T12-L5 + transverse processes of L1-L5 + intervertebral discs > lesser trochanter
Flexion of hip (also trunk)
ventral rami of L1, L2, L3
Iliacus mm. Attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, Ant. sacroiliac ligaments > lesser trochanter
Hip Flexion, Stabilisation hip jt. + active when standing still
Femoral Nerve, (L2, L3)
Psoas Minor mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Lat. Aspect bodies of T12-L1 + intervertebral disc >
pecten and iliopubic eminence
Stabilise the thigh at hip jt.
Ventral Rami L1 + L2
(Difference psoas major is also innervated by Ventral Rami of L3,
Origin attachements span from T12-L5 on Lat. aspect of bodies, in addition transverse processes of L1-L5 )
Gluteus Maximus mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Posterior Ilium, dorsal surface sacrum/coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament > gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract (lateral condyle of tibia)
Extension and Lat. Rotation of thigh at hip jt. + Abduction
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
(Note: Gluteus maximus isnt engaged until 70º of hip flexion)
Gluteus Medius mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
External Iliac surface between Ant. and Post. gluteal lines > Lateral Surface Greater Trochanter
Abduct, Med. rotate thigh
maintain stability of pelvis during gait
Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)
Gluteus Minimus attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
(Same action/innervation as gluteus medius)
External iliac surface between anterior and inferior gluteal lines > Ant. aspect of greater trochanter
(only difference from gluteus medius)
Abduct, Med. rotate thigh + maintain stability of pelvis during gait
Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)
Tensor Fascia Lata mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
ASIS + Ant. iliac crest > Iliotibial tract (Lateral condyle of tibia)
abducts + medially rotates thigh, flexes thigh
Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)
Piriformis mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Anterior sacral surface + sacrotuberous ligament > Superior border of greater trochanter
Lat. Rotates extended thigh + abducts flexed thigh
(Maintain apposition of femoral head and acetabulum)
Anterior rami S1, S2
Obturator Internus mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Internal Surface of Obturator foramen + membrane >
Medial surface of greater trochanter
Lat. rotates extended femur + abducts flexed femur
(Maintain apposition of femoral head and acetabulum)
nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
`
Gemellus Superior mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Ischial spine (superior) + ischial tuberosity (inferior) >
Medial surface of greater trochanter
Lat. rotates extended femur + abducts flexed femur
(maintains apposition of head of femur + acetabulum)
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Gemellus Inferior mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
(only difference to gemellus superior is nerve innervation)
Ischial spine (superior) + ischial tuberosity (inferior) >
Medial surface of greater trochanter
Lat. rotates extended femur + abducts flexed femur
(maintains apposition of head of femur + acetabulum)
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Obturator Externus mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Margins of obturator foramen + membrane >
Trochanteric fossa
Lat. rotates + adducts thigh
(maintains apposition of head of femur and acetabulum)
Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
Quadratis Femoris mm. attach sites??
Action:
Innervation:
Lat. Border of ischial tuberosity >
Quadrate tubercle (intertrochanteric crest)
Laterally rotates thigh
(Maintain apposition of the head of the femur + acetabulum)
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
Name the ligaments of the Sacroiliac Joint
Hint: 5 Main supporting + 1 accessory
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Interosseous sacroiliac ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Iliolumbar ligament
What is Sacroiliac nutation?
Ligaments Limiting nutation? (3)
What is the opposite movement called?
The tendency of the sacral promontory to rotate inferiorly and anteriorly whilst under load (saggital axis)
Anterior sacroiliac ligament (1º) + sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments (2º)
Counternutation… Limited by Posterior Sacroiliac Lig.
Sacroiliac Joint parts (2)??
Allows for… (Movement)
Mobility + differences??
- Synovial joint (between Auricular surfaces)
- Fibrous Component (between sacral + iliac tuberosities)
Limited Gliding + rotation
Motion decreases with age (Quite mobile in children)
Mobility less in men than women (may fuse in elderly males)
Pubic Symphysis Joint Type…
Consists of…
Motion?
supporting ligaments
Cartilaginous Jt. (Fibrocartilaginous)
2 Flat bony surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage + joined by interpubic fibrocartiaginous disc
Limited motion ( > during latter stage pregnancy)
Superior, posterior and inferior (arcuate) pubic ligaments
Note: Forms closed kinetic chain w/ sacroiliac joint
Hip… Joint Type + consists of…
Allows for… Hint: (7) types of movement
Acetabulum surfaces (2)
Strong fibrous Joint capsule ligamentous support (3)
Ball and socket synovial joint + Head of femur and acetabulum Note: Also has Acetabular labrum which deepens joint for better congruency
flexion/extension + abduction/adduction + medial/lateral rotation + circumduction
Lunar articular surface (hyaline cartilage) & acetabular fossa (non articular + contains fat pad for shock absorption)
iliofemoral + pubofemoral + ischiofemoral Ligs.
Coxa Vara (Varus)??
Coxa Valga (Valgus)??
decrease angle of inclination of neck of femur relative to shaft (distal part of femur deviates toward midline)
increase angle of inclination of neck of femur relative to shaft (distal part of femur deviates away from midline)
Note: If angle decreases at hip joint (varus) then angle knee joint will increase (away from midline) creating a knee or genu valgus
