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Ortho Test 3 > Hip (Lecture and Lab) > Flashcards

Hip (Lecture and Lab) Flashcards

1
Q

The hip is considered what type of joint with how many degrees of freedom?

A

Diarthrodial ball and socket; 3 DoF

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2
Q

T/F: The hip has more stability and less ROM than the shoulder.

A

True

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3
Q

Give the closed pack position of the hip.

A

Max extension, IR, and ABD: Terminal Stance

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4
Q

What is the hip capsular pattern?

A

Flexion>ABD>IR

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5
Q

What is the angle of inclination? What is normal for the hip?

A

Angle between the neck and shaft in the frontal plane. Newborn: 150 degrees, Adult: 125 degrees

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6
Q

Give the definition and value for coxa valga.

A

Excessive angle of inclination; >135 degrees

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7
Q

Explain coxa vara.

A

Decreased angle of inclination; <120 degrees

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8
Q

The line from the ASIS through the patella to the tibial tuberosity is the what?

A

Q- angle

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9
Q

What is the normal Q- angle for men and women?

A

Men: ~12
Women: ~18-20

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10
Q

Anteversion is what?

A

An increase in the angulation created in the transverse plane between the neck and shaft of the femur.

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11
Q

Give the characteristics of the LE with ante version.

A

1) Toed in gait
2) Increased Q Angle caused by increased external tibial torsion
3) pronated feet
4) May also see increased lumbar lordosis

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12
Q

What could be the cause if it the patient appears to have a leg length discrepancy due to foot pronation?

A

Anteversion may be unilateral

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13
Q

Internal rotation dramatically increases to what with anteversion?

A

60- 90

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14
Q

What is decreased with anteversion?

A

ER ROM with stretch weakness of ER’s

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15
Q

What is the decrease in angulation created in the transverse plane between the neck and shaft of the femur?

A

Retroversion

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16
Q

What clinical findings would you have with retroversion?

A

1) Toed out gait
2) Increased internal tibial torsion
3) Supination of the foot
4) Decreased Q angle
5) Increased ER with stretch weakness of IR’s
6) Genu varum and outward patellas

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17
Q

The Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery passes between what muscles to feed what general area?

A

Between Iliopsoas and pectinous to feed the back of the thigh, head and neck of femur.

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18
Q

The Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery passes where to feed what general area?

A

Laterally deep to sartorius and rectus femoris to feed lateral side of the thigh and head of the femur.

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19
Q

What are the normal values for flexion and extension of the hip?

A

Flexion: 110-120
Extension: 10-15

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20
Q

Give the normal values of ABD and ADD of the hip.

A

ABD: 30-50
ADD: 30

21
Q

What is the normal value for both IR and ER of the hip?

A

~45

22
Q

ROM will diminish generally with age, but what motion is lost most?

A

Extension

23
Q

Give the 5 reasons that the hip is stable.

A

1) Deep acetabulum with tight fitting femoral head
2) Vacuum effect of the ball & socket that resists distraction
3) A thick capsule and ligaments
4) Balance of adjacent muscles around the hip
5) WB produces stability of the hip joint

24
Q

What muscles give the hip balance in the frontal plane?

A

ABD and ADD work each side of the hip. If the legs are even then the muscles are under equal tension.

25
Q

If the ABD and ADD balance is off how will it appear?

A

Shows up as increased side to side motion of the hips

26
Q

Discuss the muscular balance of the saigttal plane.

A

Balance of the hip flexors and extensors.

27
Q

What causes an anterior tilt of the pelvis and also increase the anterior shear forces on L4/L5 & L5/S1?

A

A contracture of the hip flexors.

28
Q

The transverse plane muscular balance is between the IR and ER muscles. What will overly powerful ER cause?

A

Toeing out

29
Q

A unilateral contracture of the ER will cause?

A

Increase posterior rotation of the pelvis which causes an increase in ant/post motion in the other hip.

30
Q

T/F: You test the ligaments of the hip separately with specific tests.

A

False; they don’t have specific tests, but you do test with ROM.

31
Q

Where does the Iliofemoral ligament run?

A

From the AIIS to the intertrochanteric line

32
Q

The pubofemoral ligament originates at the Iliopubic eminence and inserts where?

A

Near the lesser trochanter

33
Q

The Ischiofemoral ligament inserts at the back of the femoral neck and originates where?

A

posteriorly from the the ischium below the acetabulum

34
Q

The Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments are ____ in extension and ____ in flexion.

A

Taut; lax

35
Q

What is on slack during ABD? What is tight?

A

Slack: Upper Iliofemoral
Taut: Pubofemoral

36
Q

The _________ ligament is taut in ADD and the _________ ligament is slack.

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

37
Q

All anterior ligaments are taut in ____ and slack in _____.

A

ER;IR

38
Q

What ligament is suspected to be tight in IR and extension?

A

Ischiofemoral Ligament

39
Q

Give the 3 functions of articular cartilage.

A

1) Reduce Friction
2) Absorb compressive forces
3) Maintains jt height (provides stability)

40
Q

What phase of joint lubrication occurs during swing through?

A

Hydrodynamic

41
Q

What are the two joint surfaces doing during hydrodynamic phase?

A

Gliding and rolling past each other.

42
Q

Which direction does the synovial fluid move during hydrodynamic?

A

The move past each other in the opposite direction

43
Q

The second phase of joint lubrication is referred to as _________ and begins where?

A

Hydroelastic; begins at heel strike

44
Q

What helps the femoral head to keep its shape even through compressive forces in the hip joint?

A

Cartilage in the superior femoral head and the posterior acetabulum.

45
Q

What helps with force dissipation in the femur?

A

Trabecular formation

46
Q

What happens with the synovial fluid as the WB continues through the stance phase?

A

Synovial fluid is pushed out

47
Q

What is the Boundary Stage and why is it important?

A

Boundary Stage: Single layer of synovial fluid is providing lubrication. Occurs during the Squeeze Film Phase

48
Q

After toe off the hip goes into the close packed position. What is the name of the stage and why is it important?

A

Close Pack Phase; important because this is the point of max congruence between the two surfaces

Ortho Test 3 (5 decks)

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