Hip, Knee & Ankle Flashcards
How does head of femur sit in acetabulum of pelvis?
Almost entire head sits in it!
Best balance of mobility AND stability (GHJ is is more mobility than stability)
Identify the muscle group
Superficial Gluteal Muscles
The muscles in this image are the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus which attaches to the iliotibial tract
Note: both have an origin point on ilium!
Identify the muscle group
Lateral view of superficial gluteal muscles
Can see gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae
What is the basic role of the gluteus maximus?
Facilitates hip extension ONLY when in half flexion.
ex. when sitting to standing, on a stairmaster
What is the basic role of the gluteus medius and minimus?
Help maintain pelvic stability through balanced tonic contraction.
Maintain level hips by varying tonicity
Identify the muscle group and primary action
Deep rotators
As a group, prime action = external (lateral) rotation
What does it mean when the muscles and ligaments of the hip joint are “reciprocally balanced”
anteriorly - more ligaments(and stronger)/less muscle
Posteriorly - Less ligaments/more muscle ( booty!)
What does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevent?
Prevents hyperextension
&
posterior dislocation of the femur on tibia
What does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevent?
prevents hyperextension
&
anterior dislocation of the femur on the tibia
Identify this muscle group, general functions and innervation
- ID: Anterior Thigh muscles- iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus, quadriceps
- Function: Hip flexion, Knee extension
- Innervation: Femoral nerve
What are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris? What is their group function?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medius
- vastus intermedius
They work together for knee extension
Identify the muscle group, general function and innervation
(note: they have other actions, but this one they share)
Medial thigh muscles- adductor longus/brevis/magnus, gracilis
All adduct hips
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Identify the muscle group, general function, and innervation
Posterior thigh muscles - Hamstrings, biceps femoris
Function- hip extension & knee flexion
Innervation: Sciatic nerve
Identify muscle group
deeper muscles of the posterior thigh- ex. short head of biceps emoris, semimembranosus
Note: The oblique popliteal ligament (circled in red) might help as a location marker
The shape of the talocrural joint gives it its alternate name, ______________.
It is stronger during which action, dorsiflexion or plantarflexion?
Mortise joint
It is stronger during dorsiflexion, weaker during plantar flexion
Name the movement and at which joint the movement occurs
Occurs at the talocrural joint
Name the movement and at which joint this occurs
Occurs at talocrural joint
What movements occur at the subtalar joint?
Identify the muscles (click on image to zoom in)
a. tibialis anterior
b. fibularis tertius
c. extensor digitorum longus
d. extensor hallucis longus
Name the muscle(s) in the image
Also known as the iliopsoas- work together as hip flexors
