Hip, Knee, and Limb Length Lab Flashcards
What is the normal values for hip extension? hip flexion?
hip extension: 0-20
hip flexion: 120-130
What does knee flexion w/ internal leg rotation check for?
checks lateral hamstring tightness
what does knee flexion w/ external leg rotation check for?
checks medial hamstring tightnes
what is normal values for internal/external leg rotation?
160-180 degrees
how would you isolate the medial hamstrings?
flex the knee to 90 degrees and then fully EXTERNALLY rotate the lower leg
how would you isolate the lateral hamstrings?
flex the knee to 90 degrees and then fully INTERNALLY rotate the lower leg
what is normal hip rotation for infants?
external : 60-90
internal: 0-30
* this is a 3:1 ratio
what is normal hip rotation for up to 1 y/o?
external: 50-60
internal : 30
*this is a 2:1 ratio
wha tis normal hip rotation for 4y/o to adult?
external- 45
internal 45
*this is a 1:1 ratio
when the hip is flexed and knee is flexed, what structures tighten?
ischiofemoral ligament
*promotes external hip rotation
when the hip is extended and knee is flexed, what structures tighten?
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ligamentum teres
*promotes internal hip rotation
how do you calculate NFP?
max. external rotation - (ext + int rotation/2)
if there is no change in NFP, what does this suggest?
the cause is bony
if there IS a change in NFP, what does this suggest?
the cause is soft tissue structures
name the external rotators of the hip.
gemelli - superior and inferior obturator internus and externus adductors gluteus maximus sartorius quadriceps femoris piriformis *mnemonic: "get out and get some quality players"
name the internal rotators of the hip
gluteus minimus
gluteus maximus
what is the normal values for sagittal plane motion of the hip?
extension: 0-20
flexion: 120-130
what is normal values for frontal plane motion of the hip?
abduction: 40-45
adduction: 20-25
what is normal values for knee extension/flexion?
knee extension: 0-15
knee flexion: 135
what is considered normal value for space btwn knees?
ankle and medial knee spacing within 2 inches
what is genu varum?
knees separated more than 2 inches in relationship to ankles
what is genu valgum?
ankles separated by more than 2 inches in relationship to medial knees
what is genu recurvatum?
knees are hyperextended in a standing position
what is the direct method to measure limb length?
- measure ASIS to medial malleolus
- measure from umbilicus to medial malleolus
- mark the inferior aspect of medial malleolus on each leg, place the malleoli next to each other, then measure the height difference btwn the marks
what is the indirect method to measure limb length?
- WB with foot in normal resting position
- pelvic landmarks palpated, keeping hands parallel
- ASIS and PSIS lcoated
- place blocks of known thickness under short side until landmarks are same level
what is standing method to measure limb length?
- patient stands in angle and base of gait
- examiner palpates Anterior superior iliac crests and greater trochanter.
- evluation should be performed RCSP and NCSP.
- a limb length that improves with feet in neutral position demonstrates a functional limb length.
- if a difference exists in RCSP and NCSP may demonstrate a structural limb length