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Applied KINES > Hip Joint overview > Flashcards

Hip Joint overview Flashcards

1
Q

Hip joint bones and type

A

osteology: ilium, ischium, pubis, femur
type: ball and socket

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2
Q

Acetabulum lunate surface and fossa

A

Lunate surface
-covered with hyaline cartilage which articulates with the head of the femur
Fossa
-deepest portion of the acetabulum

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3
Q

The Fovea on the head of the Femur coverage and attachment

A
  • not covered with articular cartilage

- attachment of ligamentum teres

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4
Q

Angle of Inclination plane and axis of hip

A
  • Occurs in the frontal plane

- Between axis through femoral head/neck

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5
Q

What is the normal angle of inclination

A

125 degrees

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6
Q

Coxa valga

A

pathological increase

> 125

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7
Q

Coxa vara

A

pathological decrease

< 125

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8
Q

Angle of inclination serves to optimize…

A

joint surface alignment

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9
Q

What is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

A

A decrease in femoral neck-shaft angle (coxa vara) along with a high body mass index

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10
Q

SCFE is most common in what age group?

A

adolescents

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11
Q

Angle of Torsion plane and axis of femur

A
  • transverse plane

- between axis through femoral head/neck and the distal femoral condyles

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12
Q

Which degree of anteversion of the femur allows for optimal alignment and joint congruence

A

15 degrees

-norm= 8-20 degrees

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13
Q

Excessive Anteversion (inc. angle of torsion) of femur reduces what?

A

hip joint stability

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14
Q

femoral anteversion commonly found with coxa _____

A

valga

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15
Q

Excessive anteversion is associated with _____ hip IR and _____ ER

A

increased

decreased

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16
Q

Retroversion (dec. angle of torsion) of the femur can cause what?

A

impingement

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17
Q

Retroversion is associated with _____ hip IR and _____ ER

A

decreased

increased

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18
Q

What does Excessive Anteversion make gait look like? Why do people do it?

A

“in-toeing”

-improves joint congruency

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19
Q

Why can compensation patterns with excessive anteversion cause future issues?

A

-Overtime it may cause shortening of muscles and ligaments crossing hip and reducing ER of the hip

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20
Q

How is the opening of Acetabulum positioned?

A

laterally with inferior and anterior tilt

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21
Q

Femoral head coverage is determined by acetabular _____

A

depth

22
Q

What is the center edge angle? Normal range?

A

measurement of acetabular depth

-25-35 degrees

23
Q

What is the degree for coxa profunda/acetabular overcoverage?

A

> 45 degrees

24
Q

What is Anteversion of Acetabulum and normal range?

A

extent to which acetabulum faces anteriorly

-normal = 20 degrees

25
Q

Acetabular Abnormalities: Abetabular dysplasia

A

shallow acetabulum

26
Q

Acetabular Abnormalities: Coxa profunda/Acetabular overcoverage

A

Acetabulum excessively covers the femoral head

27
Q

Excessive anteversion of the Acetabulum can lead to..

A

instability and dislocation

28
Q

Excessive retroversion of the Acetabulum can lead to..

A

over coverage/impingement

29
Q

Femoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI): Cam deformity

A
  • Extra bone at anterior-superior region of femoral head and neck junction
  • Loss of natural tapering of femoral head
  • Impingement occurs of bulge of femoral head against the acetabulum
30
Q

Femoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI): Pincer deformity

A
  • Abnormal bony extension of anterior-lateral rim of acetabulum
  • Often associated with deep acetabulum or overly retroverted acetabulum
31
Q

Articular Congruence:

Maximal congruency in non-weight-bearing position:

A

Flexion, abduction, slight external rotation

32
Q

Articular Congruence: This position is utilized in the diagnosis of _______ to improve joint congruency

A

hip dysplasia

33
Q

How is the hip bone articular congruency different from most joints?

A

Most joints have theirs in a closed packed position but the hip does not

34
Q

Structural Adaptations to Weight Bearing:

Bending moment

A

Half the weight of HAT passes down through pelvis & GRF travels up the shaft

35
Q

Superior and Inferior forces in Bending moment

A

Superiorly: tensile force
Inferiorly: compressive force

36
Q

Trabecular systems

A
  • Provide structural resistance
  • Strongest where they cross at right angles
  • Zone of weakness is where they are thin and do not cross
37
Q

Hip joint capsule is a substantial contributor to hip joint ______

A

stability

38
Q

Fibers of Hip joint capsule

A

Irregular, dense fibrous structure (longitudinal and oblique fibers)

39
Q

Capsule of Hip joint is thickened _______

A

anterosuperiorly

-where predominate stresses occur

40
Q

Capsule of Hip joint is thin and loose ______

A

posteroinferiorly

-most likely to dislocate posteriorly

41
Q

Iliofemoral ligament limits what and provides stability where?

A
  • IR and ER

- provides anterior stability to joint

42
Q

Pubofemoral ligament limits

A

ER in extension

43
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament limits

A

IR

44
Q

All ligaments of the hip joint tighten when? Passive tension when?

A
  • All tighten with hyperextension

- Passive tension in capsule and ligaments at rest in standing

45
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A
  • part of labrum
  • no cartilage cells
  • protects the blood vessels that travel beneath it to get to the head of the femur
46
Q

Acetabular labrum shape and function

A
  • wedge shaped

- deepens concavity

47
Q

Ligamentum teres function? What movement can injure it?

A
  • traditionally believed to serve only as a conduit for blood supply to femoral head
  • excessive ER can strain/potentially tear
48
Q

The neck of the femur is angulated so that the head faces ….

A

medially, superiorly and anteriorly with respect to the femoral shaft and distal femoral condyles

49
Q

Ambulating with toe-in _________ moment arm of hip abductors muscle leverage

A

increases

50
Q

With both Cam and Pincer deformities, what movement can cause impingement?

A

Hip Flexion and IR

51
Q

The Acetabular Labrum acts as a seal to maintain …

A

negative intraarticular pressure

Applied KINES (6 decks)

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