Hip, Groin & Pelvis Flashcards
Hip Osteoarthritis
What is it:
Systemic, degenerative, inflammatory joint disease
Treatment:
Exercise
Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAI)
What is it:
Symptomatic premature contact between the proximal femur and the acetabulum
Treatment:
Strengthening to improve dynamic stability (conservative) or surgery followed by physiotherapy
Dysplasia
What is it:
Hip joint instability due to shallowing of the acetabular socket, head of femur or both that make subluxation and dislocations more likely
Treatment:
Strengthening to improve dynamic stability and weight management to reduce load (conservative) or surgery followed by physiotherapy
Femoral Neck Stress Fracture (FNSF)
What is it:
Repetitive loading of the femoral neck that leads to either compression side (inferior-medial neck) or tension side (superior-lateral neck) stress fractures
Treatment:
Strengthening, hydrotherapy then WB exercise (after bone union) or surgery followed by physiotherapy
Hip Fractures
What is it:
Fracture as a result of a direct trauma
Treatment:
Surgery followed by physiotherapy focussing on strength and function
Hip Avascular Necrosis
What is it:
Bone death as a result of compromised blood flow; a complication following fractures, Perthes’ or surgery
Treatment:
Surgery (total hip replacement)
Perthes Disease/Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
What is it:
Femoral head shift slightly downward off the neck of the bone through the growth plate
Perthes (5-12y/o)
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (12-16y/o)
Treatment:
Surgery to secure the femoral head
Adductor Tendinopathy
What is it:
Tendinopathy of the proximal adductor tendon (commonly adductor longus)
Treatment:
Load the tendon, NSAIDs
Pubic Related Groin Pain
What is it:
- Osteitis pubis which is a painful inflammatory condition involving the pubic bone, pubic symphysis and adjacent structures
- Overuse/stress on the pubic symphysis
Treatment:
Strengthening, massage, NSAIDs
Inguinal Related Groin Pain
What is it:
- Entrapment, tendinopathy of the inguinal ligament
- Tears of the external oblique aponeuroses or conjoined tendon
Treatment:
Strengthening, NSAIDs, ice
Illiopsoas Related Groin Pain
What is it:
Tendionopathy, bursitis (psoas bursa), snapping or impingement due to acute trauma or repetitive hip flexion/external rotation
Treatment:
Hip mobilisation, strengthening exercises
Rectus Femoris Injury
What is it:
Tears/strains
Treatment:
Stretching, strengthening, surgery (for complete rupture)
Gluteal Tendinopathy
What is it:
Pain over the greater trochanter
Treatment:
Tendon rehabilitation, load-management
Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
What is it:
Tendinopathy at the proximal insertion of the hamstring; pain at the ischial tuberosity
Treatment:
Tendon rehabilitation, load-management
Hamstring Tears
What is it:
Hamstring muscle fibre disruption due to rapid extensive contraction (type I) or a violent stretch (type II) that causes high mechanical stress
Treatment:
Eccentric strengthening, surgery (complete rupture)
