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Orthopaedics fractures > Hip fractures > Flashcards

Hip fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Define fractured neck of femur (NOF)

A

a type of hip fracture that specifically involves the upper part of the femur, just below the ball of the hip’s ball-and-socket joint.

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2
Q

types of NOF fractures

A
  1. Intra-capsular
  2. Extra-capsular
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3
Q

Define intra-capsular NOF fracture

A
  • occur within the joint capsule
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4
Q

types of intracapsular NOF fracture

A
  • Displaced
  • Non-displaced
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5
Q

which type of NOF fracture carry more risk for ANV

A

Intracapsular NOF fracture

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6
Q

why is intracapsular NOF fracture = > risk for AVN

A

medial circumflex femoral artery - fracture disrupt the Retrograde blood supply to the femoral head –> AVN to the femoral head

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7
Q

Extracapsular NOF fracture

A

NOF fracture occur outside of the capsule

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8
Q

NOF fracture signs/Sx

A
  • Pain in the groin or hip, which may radiate to the knee
  • Not able to weight bear
  • Shortened, abducted and externally rotated leg
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9
Q

Hip fracture Ix

A
  • AP/Lat. X-rays
  • Bloods: FBC, UEs, coagulation, CK
  • the cause of the fall
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10
Q

Intracapsular NOF anatomy

Prox - Dist

A
  • Subcapital
  • Transcervical
  • Basocervical
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11
Q

Extracapsular NOF anatomy

A
  • Intertrochanteric (between the greater and lesser trochanter)
  • Subtrochanteric (dist. fracture within 5cm of the lesser trochanters)
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12
Q

name the line that is used to measure hip fractures

A

Shenton’s line

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13
Q

NOF fracture Mx

A
  • A-E assessment
  • Analgesia
  • VTE risk assess
  • Surgical intervention
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14
Q

NOF surgery timeframe post fracture (NICE)

A

within 48 hours

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15
Q

Non-displaced intracapsular NOF fracture surgical option

A

Internal fixation - Cannulated hip screws

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16
Q

Displaced intracapsular NOF fracture surgical option

blood supply disrupted - femoral head need removing

A
  • Hemiarthroplasty: replacing the femoral head only
  • THR: replacing the femoral head + acetabulum
17
Q

Hip hemiarthroplasty suitability

A
  • limited mobility
  • co-morbidity
18
Q

THR suitability

A
  • independent mobility
  • fit for surgery
19
Q

Extracapsular (intertrochanteric) NOF fracture surgical options

A

Dynamic hip screw

20
Q

Subtrochanteric NOF fracture surgical option

A

Intramedullary Femoral Nail

21
Q

Causes of a fall

A

Anaemia
Electrolyte imbalances
Arrhythmias
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Urinary or chest infection

22
Q

the classification for intracapsular NOF fracture

A

Garden classification

23
Q

Intracapsular NOF fracture complications

A
  • ANV
  • Non-union
24
Q

Extracapsular NOF fracture complications

A

fixation failure

Orthopaedics fractures (5 decks)

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