Hip buttock and thigh Flashcards
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
Insertion: Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur
(goes through the greater sciatic foramen)
Innervation: branches from S1 and S2 (Sacral plexus)
Function: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Obturator internus
Origin: Anterolateral wall of true pelvis; deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
Insertion: Medial side of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Function: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
(same as piriformis)
Gemellus superior
Origin: External surface of ischial spine
Insertion: Along length of superior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Function: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Gemellus inferior
Origin: Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Attachment: Along length of inferior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Function: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Quadratus femoris
Origin: Lateral aspect of the ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Function: Laterally rotates femur at hip joint
Gluteus minimus
Origin: External surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Linear facet on the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Function: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; MEDIALLY rotates thigh
Gluetus medius
Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Function: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; MEDIALLY rotates thigh
Gluteus maximus
Origin: Fascia covering gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Function: Powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; LATERALLY rotates and abducts thigh
TFL
Origin: Lateral aspect of crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Function: Stabilizes the knee in extension
Psoas major
Origin: Posterior abdominal wall (lumbar transverse processes, intervertebral discs, and adjacent bodies from TXII to LV and tendinous arches between these points)
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Anterior rami (L1, L2, L3)
Function: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint
Iliacus
Origin: Posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa)
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
Function: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint
Vastus medialis
Origin: Femur—medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Function: Extends the leg at the knee joint
Vastus intermedius
Origin: Femur—upper two-thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of patella, and lateral condyle of tibia
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Function: Extends the leg at the knee joint
Vastus lateralis
Origin: Femur—lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Function: Extends the leg at the knee joint
Rectus femoris
Origin: Straight head originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head originates from the ilium just superior to the acetabulum
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Function: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
Function: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint
Gracilis
Origin: A line on the external surfaces of the body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)
Function: Adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint
Pectineus
Origin: Pectineal line (pecten pubis- on the superior pubic ramus) and adjacent bone of pelvis
Insertion: Oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)- ADDUCTOR COMPARTMENT BUT FEMORAL NERVE
Function: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
Adductor longus
Origin: External surface of body of pubis (triangular depression inferior to pubic crest and lateral to pubic symphysis)
Insertion: Linea aspera on middle one-third of shaft of femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2, L3, L4)
Function: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor brevis
Origin: External surface of body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one-third of linea aspera
Adductor magnus
1) Adductor part
a) Origin: ischiopubic ramus
b) Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
c) Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
d) Function: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
2) Hamstring part
a) Origin: ischial tuberosity
b) Insertion: adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
c) Innervation: Sciatic nerve (tibial division) (L2, L3, L4)
Obturator externus
Origin: External surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa (on medial aspect of femur)
Innervation: Obturator nerve (posterior division) (L3, L4)
Function: Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Biceps femoris
Origin: Long head—inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity; short head—lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula
Innervation: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Function: Flexes leg at knee joint; extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint
Semitendinosus
Origin: Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Function:
Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
Semimembranosus
Origin: Superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
Innervation: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Function: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
