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Lower Limb Osteology > Hip Bone And Femur > Flashcards

Hip Bone And Femur Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are known as shin bones and calf bones respectively

A

Tibia and fibula

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2
Q

L and r hip bones join at where?

A

Pubic symphysis anteriorly

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3
Q

How is weight transmitted in the lower limb?

A

From the vertebral column to sacro-iliac joint to pelvic girdle to hip bones to femur

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4
Q

Orientation of femur

A

Femurs are oriented in an oblique manner though angle of inclination for females is lesser for expression of hips
They are directed inferomedially

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5
Q

Why is the femur oblique?

A

So that when standing, the center of gravity is returned to the vertical lines of the supporting legs and feet, directly under the trunk

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6
Q

Greater tubercle is to upper limb as - is to lower limb

A

Greater trochanter

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7
Q

Deltoid tuberosity to UL and - is to LL

A

Gluteal tuberosity

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8
Q

Cubical fossa to UL as - to LL

A

Popliteal fossa

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9
Q

Mention 11 structures of posterior femur

A

Head(well it’s visible😂)
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric crest
Gluteal tuberosity
Spiral line
Popliteal line
Linear aspera (for attachment of hamstrings)
Medial supracondylar line
Lateral supracondylar line
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
Intercondylar fossa
Intercondylar lines
Popliteal fossa
Plus if we look to the side we’ll see the
Medial epicondyle which has on it the adductor tubercle and the lateral eoicondyle at other side

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10
Q

What is the depression in the medial side of the head of femur called?

A

Fovea capitis

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11
Q

Talk about hip bone

A

-At birth three parts joined by hyalin cartilage
-at puberty bones are still separated but my triradiate y shaped cartilage located at center of acetabulum
-bone completely joined at ages 20-25

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12
Q

What contributes to superior part of acetabulum

A

Ileum

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13
Q

What are the asis and aiis for?

A

Attachment of tendons and ligaments of the lower limb muscles

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14
Q

What is ala?

A

Latin for wing of ileum

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15
Q

Say two things about ilac crest

A

Ilac crest extends from asis to psis
Attachment for thin muscles and deep fascia

Has prominence on external lip of crest called ilac tubercle

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16
Q

Say about the scholastic notch

A

At posterior side of pelvis

The ischial spine separates greater scholastic notch from lesser schiatic notch

Piis is above the greater schiatic notch

Ischial tuberosity below lesser schiatic notch

More like (from superior to inferior) piis - greater schiatic notch- ischial spine- lesser schiatic notch- ischial tuberosity

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17
Q

Greater sciatic notch located in what side of pelvis

A

Posterior

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18
Q

What part of pelvis has three rough lines
What side of the part
What are the lines called

A

Ala of ileum
Lateral side
Gluteal lines

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19
Q

about gluteal lines

A

Posterior, anterior, inferior gluteal lines

Demarcate prox. Attachment of the three gluteal muscles

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20
Q

Medial side of ala of pelvis

A

Has ilac fossa for prox. Attachment of ilacus muscle

Superior part of this fossa may become thin and translucent esp. in women with osteoporosis

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21
Q

Differentiate between tubercle of ilac crest and ilac tuberosity

A

Lateral side and medial side respectively

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22
Q

Mention all the structures of the pubis

A

Ala of ilieum
Asis
Aiis
Ilac crest
Psis
Piis
Body of ileum
Gluteal lines (inf,ant,post)
Ilac fossa
Ilac tuberosity
Auricular Surface

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23
Q

Which part of hip bone forms posteroinferior part of hip bone and acetabulum

A

Ischium

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24
Q

What is ischiopubic Ramus?

A

The joining of ramus of ischium and inferior ramus of pubis

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25
Q

Which side forms anteromedial part of hip bone

A

Pubis

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26
Q

Pubis is divided into three parts

A

Superior rami
inferior rami
Body of pubis medically placed

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27
Q

Position of half hipbone in relation to the other

A

Half of hip bone is contralateral to the other

28
Q

What joins the two contralateral pubis

A

Pubic sumphysis

29
Q

Pubic crest function

A

Attachment of abdominal muscles

30
Q

What acts as landmarks in pubis and of what region?

A

Pubic tubercle (projects laterally) and acts as landmark for inguinal regions

31
Q

What is pecten pubis?

A

Forms part of the pelvic brim

32
Q

Onturator foramen is bounded by what?

A

Pubis and ischium and their rami

33
Q

Mention 7 parts of the pubis

A

Pubic crest
Symphysial surface
Pubic body
Pubic tubercle
Superior rami
Inferior rami
Pecten pubis

34
Q

Mention 7 parts of ischium

A

Ischial body
Ramus of ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Greater schiatic notch
Lesser schiatic notch
Ischial spine
Isopubic ramus

35
Q

Function of obturator canal

A

Passage of nerves and vessels

36
Q

Obturator membrane function

A

To close obturator canal which provides surface area for fleshy muscle attachment

37
Q

Talk about obturator foramen

A

Large oval opening in hipbone
Bounded by pubis, ischium and their rami
Obturator membrane encloses obturator foramen but does not enclose obturator canal which is for the passage of vessels and nerves
Membrane provides surface area for muscle attachment

38
Q

Say something about acetabulum

A

Large cup shaped cavity
Lateral surface of hip bone
Articulates with head of femur to form hip joint
All three bone parts contribute to its formation

Parts include ace tabular notch, acetabular fossa, lunate surface and margin of acetabulum

39
Q

What is acetabular notch, fossa and lunate surface

A

Makes fossa appear like a cup with a piece of its lip missing

Fossa is the most middle which creates a deficit on smooth surface of acetabulum. This received head of humerus

40
Q

What part of acetabulum makes it look incomplete

A

Acetabular notch

41
Q

State anatomical positions of:
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen to acetabulum

A

Acetabulum- inferolaterally

Obturator foramen is inferomedial to acetabulum

42
Q

Heaviest and longest bone in body

A

Femur

43
Q

What is fovea capitis significance?

A

In early life it gives passage to an artery supplying epiphysis of the head

44
Q

Intertrochanteric line and Intertrochanteric crest e difference in position

A

Line is anterior crest is found posterior

45
Q

Linear asparagus divides posterior shaft into

A

Medial and lateral surfaces

46
Q

The obtuse Angle of inclination of femur head and neck together becomes more -

A

It becomes more acute with age

47
Q

Features of female pelvis

A

Wider pelvis
Increased width between acetabula
Greater obliquity of femoral shaft

48
Q

Bipedal walking is due to

A

Obliquity of femur which allows it to be adjacent and inferior to the trunk

49
Q

What is the proximal lower bone?

A

Femur

50
Q

Letter trochanter gives attachment to what?

A

Primary flexors of thigh muscles
(The iliopsoas)

51
Q

What gives attachment to primary flexors of the thigh

A

Lesser trochanter

52
Q

The greater trochanter gives attachment to what?

A

Abductors and rotators of thigh

53
Q

What gives attachment to abductors and rotators of thigh?

A

Greater trochanter

54
Q

What is the trochanteric line?

A

Site of joining of neck and shaft at anterior femur, formed by the attachment of iliofemoral ligament

55
Q

(Make sure you read all of this)
Intertrochanteric line runs from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter and continues posteriorly and inferiorlyas a less distinct -

A

Spiral line

56
Q

What is the Intertrochanteric crest?

A

In is in the posterior femur that joins greater and lesser trochanters

57
Q

The rounded elevation from Intertrochanteric crest is …

A

Quadrate tubercle

58
Q

What is the trochanteric fossa?

A

Deep depresssion medially and superior to crest in posterior femur

59
Q

Mention all proximal features of femur

A

Head
Neck
Intertrochanteric line
InterTrochanteric crest
Trochanteric fossa
Spiral line
Quadrate tubercle
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter

60
Q

Additional knowledge about femur shaft

A

Anterior of femur is slightly convex and convexity can increase anteriorly and even laterally if shaft is weakened by loss of calcium
Like in the case of rickets (Vit D deficiency)

61
Q

Touch attribute of shaft

A

Shaft is mostly smooth anteriorly but roughened posteriorly by linear aspera

62
Q

Linear aspera provides attachment for…
And divides shaft into… with its…

A

Adductors of thigh
Medial and lateral surfaces
Medial and lateral lips

63
Q

Features of anterior femur

A

Head
Neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric line
Shaft
Patellar surface

64
Q

Lateral lip of linear aspera blends proximally to form-

Medial lip continues proximally as-

  • extends from central part of linear aspera
A

Gluteal tuberosity

Spiral line

Pectoral line

65
Q

Skin dimple in dictates -
Clinical purpose of skin dimples

A

End of ilac crest
For search of edema(swelling) or local tenderness

Lower Limb Osteology (2 decks)

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