Hip Bone And Femur Flashcards by Ann-Raphaella Ekanem

What bones are known as shin bones and calf bones respectively

Tibia and fibula

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L and r hip bones join at where?

Pubic symphysis anteriorly

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How is weight transmitted in the lower limb?

From the vertebral column to sacro-iliac joint to pelvic girdle to hip bones to femur

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Orientation of femur

Femurs are oriented in an oblique manner though angle of inclination for females is lesser for expression of hips
They are directed inferomedially

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Why is the femur oblique?

So that when standing, the center of gravity is returned to the vertical lines of the supporting legs and feet, directly under the trunk

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Greater tubercle is to upper limb as - is to lower limb

Greater trochanter

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Deltoid tuberosity to UL and - is to LL

Gluteal tuberosity

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Cubical fossa to UL as - to LL

Popliteal fossa

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Mention 11 structures of posterior femur

Head(well it’s visible😂)
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric crest
Gluteal tuberosity
Spiral line
Popliteal line
Linear aspera (for attachment of hamstrings)
Medial supracondylar line
Lateral supracondylar line
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
Intercondylar fossa
Intercondylar lines
Popliteal fossa
Plus if we look to the side we’ll see the
Medial epicondyle which has on it the adductor tubercle and the lateral eoicondyle at other side

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What is the depression in the medial side of the head of femur called?

Fovea capitis

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Talk about hip bone

-At birth three parts joined by hyalin cartilage
-at puberty bones are still separated but my triradiate y shaped cartilage located at center of acetabulum
-bone completely joined at ages 20-25

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What contributes to superior part of acetabulum

Ileum

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What are the asis and aiis for?

Attachment of tendons and ligaments of the lower limb muscles

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What is ala?

Latin for wing of ileum

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Say two things about ilac crest

Ilac crest extends from asis to psis
Attachment for thin muscles and deep fascia

Has prominence on external lip of crest called ilac tubercle

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Say about the scholastic notch

At posterior side of pelvis

The ischial spine separates greater scholastic notch from lesser schiatic notch

Piis is above the greater schiatic notch

Ischial tuberosity below lesser schiatic notch

More like (from superior to inferior) piis - greater schiatic notch- ischial spine- lesser schiatic notch- ischial tuberosity

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Greater sciatic notch located in what side of pelvis

Posterior

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What part of pelvis has three rough lines
What side of the part
What are the lines called

Ala of ileum
Lateral side
Gluteal lines

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about gluteal lines

Posterior, anterior, inferior gluteal lines

Demarcate prox. Attachment of the three gluteal muscles

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Medial side of ala of pelvis

Has ilac fossa for prox. Attachment of ilacus muscle

Superior part of this fossa may become thin and translucent esp. in women with osteoporosis

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Differentiate between tubercle of ilac crest and ilac tuberosity

Lateral side and medial side respectively

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Mention all the structures of the pubis

Ala of ilieum
Asis
Aiis
Ilac crest
Psis
Piis
Body of ileum
Gluteal lines (inf,ant,post)
Ilac fossa
Ilac tuberosity
Auricular Surface

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Which part of hip bone forms posteroinferior part of hip bone and acetabulum

Ischium

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What is ischiopubic Ramus?

The joining of ramus of ischium and inferior ramus of pubis

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Which side forms anteromedial part of hip bone

Pubis

Pubis is divided into three parts

Superior rami inferior rami Body of pubis medically placed

Position of half hipbone in relation to the other

Half of hip bone is contralateral to the other

What joins the two contralateral pubis

Pubic sumphysis

Pubic crest function

Attachment of abdominal muscles

What acts as landmarks in pubis and of what region?

Pubic tubercle (projects laterally) and acts as landmark for inguinal regions

What is pecten pubis?

Forms part of the pelvic brim

Onturator foramen is bounded by what?

Pubis and ischium and their rami

Mention 7 parts of the pubis

Pubic crest Symphysial surface Pubic body Pubic tubercle Superior rami Inferior rami Pecten pubis

Mention 7 parts of ischium

Ischial body Ramus of ischium Ischial tuberosity Greater schiatic notch Lesser schiatic notch Ischial spine Isopubic ramus

Function of obturator canal

Passage of nerves and vessels

Obturator membrane function

To close obturator canal which provides surface area for fleshy muscle attachment

Talk about obturator foramen

Large oval opening in hipbone Bounded by pubis, ischium and their rami Obturator membrane encloses obturator foramen but does not enclose obturator canal which is for the passage of vessels and nerves Membrane provides surface area for muscle attachment

Say something about acetabulum

Large cup shaped cavity Lateral surface of hip bone Articulates with head of femur to form hip joint All three bone parts contribute to its formation Parts include ace tabular notch, acetabular fossa, lunate surface and margin of acetabulum

What is acetabular notch, fossa and lunate surface

Makes fossa appear like a cup with a piece of its lip missing Fossa is the most middle which creates a deficit on smooth surface of acetabulum. This received head of humerus

What part of acetabulum makes it look incomplete

Acetabular notch

State anatomical positions of: Acetabulum Obturator foramen to acetabulum

Acetabulum- inferolaterally Obturator foramen is inferomedial to acetabulum

Heaviest and longest bone in body

Femur

What is fovea capitis significance?

In early life it gives passage to an artery supplying epiphysis of the head

Intertrochanteric line and Intertrochanteric crest e difference in position

Line is anterior crest is found posterior

Linear asparagus divides posterior shaft into

Medial and lateral surfaces

The obtuse Angle of inclination of femur head and neck together becomes more -

It becomes more acute with age

Features of female pelvis

Wider pelvis Increased width between acetabula Greater obliquity of femoral shaft

Bipedal walking is due to

Obliquity of femur which allows it to be adjacent and inferior to the trunk

What is the proximal lower bone?

Femur

Letter trochanter gives attachment to what?

Primary flexors of thigh muscles (The iliopsoas)

What gives attachment to primary flexors of the thigh

Lesser trochanter

The greater trochanter gives attachment to what?

Abductors and rotators of thigh

What gives attachment to abductors and rotators of thigh?

Greater trochanter

What is the trochanteric line?

Site of joining of neck and shaft at anterior femur, formed by the attachment of iliofemoral ligament

(Make sure you read all of this) Intertrochanteric line runs from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter and continues posteriorly and inferiorlyas a less distinct -

Spiral line

What is the Intertrochanteric crest?

In is in the posterior femur that joins greater and lesser trochanters

The rounded elevation from Intertrochanteric crest is …

Quadrate tubercle

What is the trochanteric fossa?

Deep depresssion medially and superior to crest in posterior femur

Mention all proximal features of femur

Head Neck Intertrochanteric line InterTrochanteric crest Trochanteric fossa Spiral line Quadrate tubercle Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter

Additional knowledge about femur shaft

Anterior of femur is slightly convex and convexity can increase anteriorly and even laterally if shaft is weakened by loss of calcium Like in the case of rickets (Vit D deficiency)

Touch attribute of shaft

Shaft is mostly smooth anteriorly but roughened posteriorly by linear aspera

Linear aspera provides attachment for… And divides shaft into… with its…

Adductors of thigh Medial and lateral surfaces Medial and lateral lips

Features of anterior femur

Head Neck Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Shaft Patellar surface

Lateral lip of linear aspera blends proximally to form- Medial lip continues proximally as- - extends from central part of linear aspera

Gluteal tuberosity Spiral line Pectoral line

Skin dimple in dictates - Clinical purpose of skin dimples

End of ilac crest For search of edema(swelling) or local tenderness