hip and thigh region

Question 1

what does glutues maximus do and what region is it in

Answer 1

extensors in superficial gluteal region

Question 2

define gluteal region

Answer 2

illiac crest to folds of the buttock

Question 3

what do the deep muscles of the gluteal region do

Answer 3

lateral rotation of the hip

Question 4

what do the superficial muscles of the gluteal region do

Answer 4

abductions and extension

Question 5

what does gluteal medius and minimus do

Answer 5

abductors of hip and in superficial gluteal region. minimus is under medius

Question 6

what does tensor fascia lata do and where does it attach

Answer 6

it is on the lateral aspect of leg and inserts onto iliotibial band stabilizing knee joint in contraction

Question 7

what is tredelburg’s sign

Answer 7

trendelenburg’s sign is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, on the side of weakness you can see an unbalanced gait

Question 8

name 5 hip lateral rotators of the gluteal region

Answer 8

piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator internus

Question 9

what nerves are in gluteal region

Answer 9

sup and inf gluteal nerves, pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve

Question 10

what arteries supply gluteal region

Answer 10

sup and inf gluteal arteries and internal pudendal artery

Question 11

how can you divied the gluteal region

Answer 11

medial and lateral upper and lower quadrants

Question 12

How do you give a gluteal injections

Answer 12

there is a safe area put your hand outstretched on gluteal area thumb at the anterior end and 2nd finger on asis and inject between 2nd and 3rd finger. iomportant you do not hit sciatic nerve

Question 13

what is developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 13

In DDH, the socket of the hip is too shallow and the femoral head is not held tightly in place, so the hip joint is loose. In severe cases, the femur can come out of the socket (dislocate).

Question 14

what is leg calve perthe disease

Answer 14

a childhood hip disorder initiated by a disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur. Due to the lack of blood flow, the bone dies (osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis) and stops growing.

Question 15

what is slipped femoral epiphysis

Answer 15

s a medical term referring to a fracture through the growth plate (physis), which results in slippage of the overlying end of the femur (metaphysis).

Question 16

what is arthritis of the hip

Answer 16

wear and tear of joint, osteoarthritic bone changes to hip socket(acetabulum) and head of bone loss of fluid cause pain and friction

Question 17

what are the three compartments of the thigh

Answer 17

anterior, posterior and medial

Question 18

what are the three neurovascular structures in the thigh

Answer 18

» femoral nerve & vessels
» obturator nerve & vessels
» sciatic nerve

Question 19

what are the three openings from abdomen/pelvis into thigh

Answer 19

femoral (unnamed)
» obturator canal
» greater sciatic foramen

Question 20

name the muscles of the thigh in anterior compartment

Answer 20

psoas major, iliacus,rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, sartorius, pectineus

Question 21

name the muscles of thigh medial compartment

Answer 21

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus, pectineus

Question 22

name muscles of the posterior thigh compartment

Answer 22

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, bicep femoris(lh), bicep femoris (sh)

Question 23

describe hamstring injuries

Answer 23

normally when during hip flexion, will see bruising at back of leg, pain through transmits through lower back

Question 24

what muscles allow medial rotation of knee joint

Answer 24

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 25

what muscles allow lateral rotation of knee

Answer 25

biceps femoris

Question 26

what muscles allow extension of knee

Answer 26

rectus femoris and vasti muscles

Question 27

what muscles allow flexion of knee

Answer 27

``` – semimembranosus – semitendinosus - biceps femoris – gracilis – sartorius – popliteus - gastrocnemius ```

Question 28

outline the femoral triangle

Answer 28

asis to pubic tubercle down to adductor tubercle

Question 29

what important neurovascular structures and muscles are in the femoral triangle

Answer 29

femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein, great saphenous vein, some lymphatics, not sure what muscles google or revise update when i know

Question 30

what is in the popliteal fossa arteries veins and nerves lymphatics

Answer 30

tibial nerve, popliteal artery and veins, common fibular nerve, popliteal lymph nodes

Question 31

what are some issues that can occur in the popliteal region

Answer 31

Knee Bursitis: Baker’s Cyst, and swelling of arteryies or nodes

Question 32

name 6 main nerves of lower limb

Answer 32

1. Superior gluteal 2. Inferior gluteal 3. Femoral 4. Obturator Sciatic 5. Tibial 6. Common fibular (common peroneal) • Superficial fibular • Deep fibular

Question 33

name arteries of lower limb

Answer 33

``` Ext iliac Femoral, Profunda Femoris, Ant tibial, Dorsalis pedis, Plantar arteries, Post tibial, Popliteal, peroneal ```

Question 34

where can you feel a pulse in lower limbs

Answer 34

femoral pulse, popliteal pulse, dorsis pedis pulse, posterior tibial pulse

Question 35

what are the three angles of the hip bone

Answer 35

normal coxa vara too small and coxa valga to great an angle both are pathnogenic

Question 36

what is avascular necrosis of femoral head

Answer 36

femoral head is a pathologic process that results from interruption of blood supply to the bone.

Question 37

what areas are hip fractures most likely to occur in, what makes hip fractures more likely

Answer 37

transcervical fracture on neck of femur, intertrochanteric fracture, and subtrochanteric fracture. osteoperosis also makes hip fractures very likely

Question 38

explain what type of impact can cause hip dislocations commonly

Answer 38

Motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of traumatic hip dislocations. The dislocation often occurs when the knee hits the dashboard in a collision. This force drives the thigh backwards, which drives the ball head of the femur out of the hip socket. indivdual seated in seat

Question 39

outline limitations of hip flexion

Answer 39

Flexion 90-115 (60 with hamstrings) hamstrings & trunk

Question 40

what limits hip extension

Answer 40

Extension 15-30 iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments

Question 41

what limits hip abduction

Answer 41

Abduction 50-60 pubofemoral lig. & greater trochanter

Question 42

what limits hip adduction

Answer 42

Adduction 15-45 (hip flexed) other limb

Question 43

what limits medial rotation of hips

Answer 43

Medial Rotation 30-45 ischiofemoral ligaments

Question 44

what limits lateral roatation of hips

Answer 44

Lateral Rotation 45-60 pubofemoral ligaments