Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Physical Dx > Hip and Knee Exam > Flashcards

Hip and Knee Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are common symptoms of hip and knee complaints?

A

Pain
Instability
Swelling
Locking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What needs to be inspected on the knee?

A 
Integrity of skin
Color
Effusion
Prior surgery
What is the resting knee position
Muscular atrophy
Patella Position
Deformity?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define genu valgum

A

Knock kneed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define genu varum

A

bow legged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define genu recurvatum

A

“hyperextended” knee due to curvature of the bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define patella alta

A

patella is resting more above the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define patella baja

A

patella is resting more above the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What areas need to be palpated on the knee?

A 
Patella and patellar tendon
Quad insertion on superior patella
Tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter’s, bursitis)
Peri-patellar structures (medial/lateral condyle of distal femur)
Joint line (meniscus tear)
Pes Anserine bursa
IT Band
Effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ROM needs to be assessed on knee exams?

A

Flexion: 140-145 degrees
Extension: 0-10 degrees of hyperextension

Check for pain on ROM and/or crepitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What strength needs to be assessed on knee exams?

A

Hamstring
Quads
1) can they initiate and perform extension
2) can they maintain extension against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the apprehension test assess?

A

Evaluates for patella subluxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the apprehension test performed?

A

Apply pressure to medial patella and push lateral

Positive test is painful over medial aspect of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does an increased Q angle indicate?

A

An increased Q angle is an indicator for patellar subluxation as well as PFS (patellofemoral syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a normal Q angle for males and females?

A

Nl is 14 for males
Nl is 17 for females
Common in female adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the patellar grind test assess?

A

chondromalacia patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a positive patellar grind test?

A

pain at patella when pt contracts quad muscle as the examiner grasps superior aspect of patella w/ thumb and index finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the Lachman’s test assess?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is Lachman’s test performed?

A 
One hand distal femur
Stabilize femur
Other on proximal tibia
Distract proximal tibia
Anterior/posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a positive Lachman’s test?

A

+ test = laxity

Always COMPARE sides!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the Anterior drawer test assess?

A

ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the anterior drawer test performed?

A

Knee flexed to 80 degree
Foot stabilized
Grip proximal tibia
Anterior force to/fro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a positive anterior drawer test?

A

+ test laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the pivot shift test assess?

A

Integrity of the ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the posterior drawer test assess?

A

PCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is the posterior drawer test performed?

A

Knee flexed to 80 degree
Foot stabilized
Grip proximal tibia
Apply sudden firm push back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a positive posterior drawer test?

A

Positive test laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the posterior sag test assess?

A

PCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does the varus test assess?

A

LCL stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the valgus test assess?

A

MCL stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is the varus tests performed?

A

Perform in full extension AND at 30 degree
Stabilize lower thigh with one hand
Apply laterally directed stress at knee/ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a positive varus/valgus test?

A

Positive test: laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How is the valgus test performed?

A

Perform in full extension AND at 30 degree
Stabilize lower thigh with one hand
Apply medially directed stress at knee/ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does McMurray’s test evaluate?

A

Meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How is McMurray’s test performed?

A

One hand holds heel, the other holds knee
Make a ‘C’ with your hand
Put thumb over posterior aspect of knee
Middle finger over anterior joint line
Alternate Varus and Valgus stress while ranging knee to hyperflexed position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a positive McMurray’s test?

A

Positive test is joint line pain and click heard or felt during maneuver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the etiologies of patellar dislocation?

A

Traumatic vs atraumatic
Sudden pop
Pain and inability to bear weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the exam findings for patellar dislocation?

A

knee flexed
Effusion
Tenderness along medial patella
Positive apprehension sign

38
Q

What are the etiologies of patellar tendonitis?

A

Over use activity

Pain inferior pole of patellar

39
Q

What are the exam findings for patellar tendonitis?

A

No effusion
+/- Crepitus
Tight quads

40
Q

How is the meniscus injured?

A 
Vulnerable to twist & compression
Trivial trauma (degenerative)
41
Q

What is the common history with a torn meniscus?

A

+/- trauma

Problems with ambulating stairs or squatting or changing directions

42
Q

What are the sxs asst. with a torn meniscus?

A 
Joint line tenderness (sharp pain)
Effusion
Instability
Lack of extension … knee could be locked
Pain with flexion and squat
43
Q

What is one of the most common knee injuries? Who is more likely? What is the etiology?

A

ligaments
Gender difference in injury rates F>M
Noncontact
Contact

44
Q

When does an ACL injury occur?

A

the bones of the leg twist in opposite directions under full body weight

45
Q

What are the sxs of acl injuries?

A

“Popping” sound at the time of injury
Rapid Swelling
Pain
Instability – “knee goes out on me”

46
Q

What are acl injuries asst. with?

A

Associated with meniscus tear, bone bruise and a quicker onset of osteoarthritis

47
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Primary stabilizer of the knee

48
Q

How is the pcl injured?

A

Fall on a bent knee

MVA – Dashboard injury

49
Q

What are the sxs of pcl injuries?

A

Mild to Moderate Pain in the back of the knee
Swelling
Knee Instability – may more easily hyperextend

50
Q

What collateral ligament tears are more common?

A

MCL more than LCL

51
Q

What is the etiology of collateral ligament tears?

A

Direct Blow

When the lower leg is forced sideways, either toward the other knee or away from the other knee

52
Q

How are collateral ligament tears graded?

A

I-III

53
Q

What are the sxs of collateral ligament injuries?

A

Pain over the ligament
Swelling
Decreased ROM
Instability

54
Q

What is the most common type of arthritis?

A

Most common type of arthritis

Affects over 10 million Americans

55
Q

Define OA

A

Chronic condition characterized by degeneration of cartilage at joint

56
Q

What are the risk factors for OA?

A 
Age
Obesity
Injury or Overuse
Genetics
Muscle Weakness
Other Diseases
57
Q

What are the sxs of OA?

A

Pain when moving the knee
Joint stiffness
Grinding or catching when moving the knee
Pain when walking up and down stairs or getting up from a chair
Weakened large thigh muscles
Deterioration of alignment, posture and walking due to pain and stiffness.

58
Q

What are the common symptoms of a hip pt?

A

Pain

Stiffness

59
Q

What needs to inspected in a hip exam?

A

With patient standing
Inspect from the front and from behind for any pelvic tilting or rotational deformity
Note any abnormalities of bony or soft tissue contours
Observe the contour of the buttock for any abnormality (gluteus maximus atrophy or atonia)
Examine Gait
Note antalgic gait (to avoid pain, time spent on injured limb during stand phase is minimized)

60
Q

What needs to be palpated in a hip exam?

A 
Greater Trochanter
Pubic rami
Ischial Tuberosity
IT band
ASIS bilaterally
61
Q

What ROM needs to be assessed for a hip exam?

A

Flexion/Extension ( 110-120 ) ( 10-15 )
Internal/External rotation (30-40) ( 40-60 )
Abduction/Adduction ( >45 ) ( 30)
Numbers are generalized for healthy adults

62
Q

What strength needs to be assessed for a hip exam?

A

Flexor Strength
Extensor Strength
Adductor Strength
Abductor Strength

63
Q

What is acceptable leg length discrepancy? How is it measured?

A

Measure each leg from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the medial malleolus
Acceptable leg length discrepancy: +/- 1 cm

64
Q

What is the trendelenberg test used for? How is it performed?

A

Checks for hip abductor strength/superior gluteal nerve innervation
Pt stands on one leg, flexes hip of other leg

65
Q

What is a positive trendelenberg test?

A

Pelvis drops toward unaffected side

Walking limp noted on affected side

66
Q

What does Patrick’s (FABER) test assess?

A

Flexion, Abdcution, ER of hip

67
Q

When is a Patrick’s test positive? What does it indicate?

A

Test is positive when the tested leg remains above the opposite leg
Positive test indicates an affected hip or sacroiliac joint, or that iliopsoas spasms exist
Pain = early OA

68
Q

When is a Patrick’ test negative?

A

Test is negative when test leg is at least parallel with the opposite leg

69
Q

What is Thomas test used for?

A

Hip flexion contracture

70
Q

What is a positive test, and what does it suggest?

A

Elevation of the opposite thigh suggests a loss of extension in that hip and a fixed flexion deformity

71
Q

What are the etiologies of hip injuries?

A

Trauma
Inflammatory
Congenital
Degenerative

72
Q

What are the sxs for arthritis?

A

pain an decreased mobility

73
Q

What are the tests for arthritis?

A

No blood test

AP Pelvis x-ray

74
Q

What is the tx for arthritis?

A

NSAID’s, pain meds mainstay of treatment

Mod-severe OA  THA

75
Q

What are etiologies of hip OA?

A

Gradual onset
Wear and tear
Congenital deformity
Trauma

76
Q

What are the sxs fo hip oa?

A

Groin pain

Stiffness

77
Q

What are the etiologies of hip fx?

A

Typcially secondary to fall in an elderly pt

Trauma from MVA or fall from a height

78
Q

What are the sxs of hip fx?

A

Groin pain
Pain with ROM
LE shortening
LE externally rotated

79
Q

What is the tx for hip fx?

A

Surgery

80
Q

What test can be used in a hip fx?

A

checking IR and ER

elicits severe pain in hip fracture patient

81
Q

What are the etiologies of hip dislocation?

A

Secondary to trauma ex: MVA

May occur in pts with Hip replacement

82
Q

What is a sequlae of hip fx?

A

avascular necrosis

83
Q

What are the sxs of hip dislocation?

A

Severe pain
LE shortening
Internal rotation

84
Q

How is hip dislocation tx?

A

Often reducible without Sx

85
Q

What is traochanteric bursitis? Who is it more common in?

A

tenderness directly over the greater trochanter

F>M

86
Q

How is trochanteric bursitis treated?

A

ITB stretching/PT/
NSAID’s
if no response, cortisone injection

87
Q

What is snapping hip syndrome?

A

Snapping Hip Syndrome (sometimes called dancer’s hip)
May feel like hip is unstable and may give out
May cause pain and interfere with performance of athletes
Usually an annoyance

88
Q

What are the sxs of meralgia paresthetica?

A

Tingling, numbness and burning pain outer thigh

89
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica?

A

damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

90
Q

What are the etiologies meralgia paresthetica? how is it treated?

A

Tight clothing, obesity, wt gain, pregnancy

Conservative tx

Advanced Physical Dx (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions