Hip and Knee Flashcards
Which way does the acetabulum face
laterally, inferiorly and anteriorly
Capsular Pattern of the hip
marked restriction of medial rotation accompanied by limitations in flexion and abduction
(slight limitation may be present in extension)
Testing position of hip flexion
supine with knees extended and both hips in 0 degrees abduction, adduction and rotation
How does one stabilize the hip in flexion
stabilize pelvis on the side being tested to prevent posterior tilting or rotation hand should be facing fingers toward knees to better feel the tilt
contralateral extremity should remain flat on the table for additional stabilization
Normal End Feel of Hip flexion
Usually soft because of contact between anterior thigh and stomach but could be firm due to tension in posterior joint capsule and gluteus maximus
Goniometer Alignment for Hip Flexion
Fulcrum - greater trochanter (lateral aspect of the hip)
Proximal- lateral midline of pelvis (between ASIS and PSIS)
Distal- lateral Epicondyle (lateral midline of femur)
Normal Hip Flexion
0-120
Testing Position of Hip Extension
Prone position with both knees extended and hip to be tested in 0 degrees of abduction, adduction and rotation
How does one stabilize the hip in extension
stabilize the pelvis being tested fingers facing the knees to feel for anterior tilt
contralateral extremity should remain flat on the table for additional stabilization
Normal end feel of hip extension
Firm because of tension in the anterior joint capsule and the iliofemoral ligament and to a lesser extent the ischiofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments.
Tension in hip flexor muscles such as iliopsoas, sartorius, TFL, gracilis and adductor longus may also contribute
Goniometer Alignment for Hip Extension
Fulcrum - greater trochanter (lateral aspect of the hip)
Proximal- lateral midline of pelvis (between ASIS and PSIS)
Distal- lateral Epicondyle (lateral midline of femur)
Why is the knee kept straight in hip extension
to put the rectus femoris on slack so it does not limit the range of motion found at the joint
Normal Range of motion of hip extension
0-20
Testing Position for Hip Abduction
Supine, with the knees extended and hip in 0 degrees of flexion, extension and rotation
Stabilization of Hip Abduction
Want to stabilize the pelvis by the ilium to prevent lateral tilting and rotation
Light is important - hands faced fingers up on the lateral aspect of the ilium
Normal End feel of hip abduction
firm because of tension in the inferior (medial) joint capsule, pubofemoral ligament, ishiofemoral ligament, and inferior band of the iliofemoral ligament. Passive tension in the adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus and gracilis muscles may contribute to firm end feel
Goniometer Alignment for Hip Abduction
Fulcrum- ASIS of extremity being tested
Proximal- imaginary horizontal line from ASIS- ASIS
Distal- anterior midline of patella (anterior midline of femur)
Normal Range of Hip Abduction
0-45
Hip Adduction Testing Position
Supine, with both knees extended and the hip being tested in 0 degrees of flexion, extension and rotation
Abduct the contralateral extremity to provide space for adduction of the limb being tested
Stabilization of Hip Adduction
Want to stabilize the pelvis by the ilium to prevent lateral tilting and rotation
Light is important - hands faced fingers up on the lateral aspect of the ilium
Normal End feel for hip adduction
firm because of tension in the superior (lateral) joint capsule and the superior band of the iliofemoral ligament. Tension in the gluteus medius and minimis and the tfl may also contribute to firm end feel
Goniometer alignment for hip adduction
Fulcrum- ASIS of extremity being tested
Proximal- imaginary horizontal line from ASIS- ASIS
Distal- anterior midline of patella (anterior midline of femur)
Normal Range of hip adduction
0-30
