Hip and Knee

Question 1

Which way does the acetabulum face

Answer 1

laterally, inferiorly and anteriorly

Question 2

Capsular Pattern of the hip

Answer 2

marked restriction of medial rotation accompanied by limitations in flexion and abduction
(slight limitation may be present in extension)

Question 3

Testing position of hip flexion

Answer 3

supine with knees extended and both hips in 0 degrees abduction, adduction and rotation

Question 4

How does one stabilize the hip in flexion

Answer 4

stabilize pelvis on the side being tested to prevent posterior tilting or rotation hand should be facing fingers toward knees to better feel the tilt

contralateral extremity should remain flat on the table for additional stabilization

Question 5

Normal End Feel of Hip flexion

Answer 5

Usually soft because of contact between anterior thigh and stomach but could be firm due to tension in posterior joint capsule and gluteus maximus

Question 6

Goniometer Alignment for Hip Flexion

Answer 6

Fulcrum - greater trochanter (lateral aspect of the hip)
Proximal- lateral midline of pelvis (between ASIS and PSIS)
Distal- lateral Epicondyle (lateral midline of femur)

Question 7

Normal Hip Flexion

Answer 7

0-120

Question 8

Testing Position of Hip Extension

Answer 8

Prone position with both knees extended and hip to be tested in 0 degrees of abduction, adduction and rotation

Question 9

How does one stabilize the hip in extension

Answer 9

stabilize the pelvis being tested fingers facing the knees to feel for anterior tilt

contralateral extremity should remain flat on the table for additional stabilization

Question 10

Normal end feel of hip extension

Answer 10

Firm because of tension in the anterior joint capsule and the iliofemoral ligament and to a lesser extent the ischiofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments.

Tension in hip flexor muscles such as iliopsoas, sartorius, TFL, gracilis and adductor longus may also contribute

Question 11

Goniometer Alignment for Hip Extension

Answer 11

Fulcrum - greater trochanter (lateral aspect of the hip)
Proximal- lateral midline of pelvis (between ASIS and PSIS)
Distal- lateral Epicondyle (lateral midline of femur)

Question 12

Why is the knee kept straight in hip extension

Answer 12

to put the rectus femoris on slack so it does not limit the range of motion found at the joint

Question 13

Normal Range of motion of hip extension

Answer 13

0-20

Question 14

Testing Position for Hip Abduction

Answer 14

Supine, with the knees extended and hip in 0 degrees of flexion, extension and rotation

Question 15

Stabilization of Hip Abduction

Answer 15

Want to stabilize the pelvis by the ilium to prevent lateral tilting and rotation

Light is important - hands faced fingers up on the lateral aspect of the ilium

Question 16

Normal End feel of hip abduction

Answer 16

firm because of tension in the inferior (medial) joint capsule, pubofemoral ligament, ishiofemoral ligament, and inferior band of the iliofemoral ligament. Passive tension in the adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus and gracilis muscles may contribute to firm end feel

Question 17

Goniometer Alignment for Hip Abduction

Answer 17

Fulcrum- ASIS of extremity being tested
Proximal- imaginary horizontal line from ASIS- ASIS
Distal- anterior midline of patella (anterior midline of femur)

Question 18

Normal Range of Hip Abduction

Answer 18

0-45

Question 19

Hip Adduction Testing Position

Answer 19

Supine, with both knees extended and the hip being tested in 0 degrees of flexion, extension and rotation

Abduct the contralateral extremity to provide space for adduction of the limb being tested

Question 20

Stabilization of Hip Adduction

Answer 20

Want to stabilize the pelvis by the ilium to prevent lateral tilting and rotation

Light is important - hands faced fingers up on the lateral aspect of the ilium

Question 21

Normal End feel for hip adduction

Answer 21

firm because of tension in the superior (lateral) joint capsule and the superior band of the iliofemoral ligament. Tension in the gluteus medius and minimis and the tfl may also contribute to firm end feel

Question 22

Goniometer alignment for hip adduction

Answer 22

Fulcrum- ASIS of extremity being tested
Proximal- imaginary horizontal line from ASIS- ASIS
Distal- anterior midline of patella (anterior midline of femur)

Question 23

Normal Range of hip adduction

Answer 23

0-30