Hip

Question 1

Leg length- true shortening

Answer 1

Supine

Please take measure on ASIS until it hooks under inferior border measure to the medial malleolus repeat three times

Question 2

Leg length- true shortening explained

Answer 2

Affected limb is physically shorter than the other

Caused by pathology proximal/distal to the greater to Trochanters

Proximal- fracture in femur or loss of articular surface in hip

Distal- tibia fracture or polio

Question 3

Leg length-apparent

Answer 3

Supine

Place tape measure on xiphoid process and measure to the medial malleolus

Question 4

Leg length-apparent explained

Answer 4

Limb is not actually shorter may be as a result of muscles contracting around the hip which produces a tilted pelvis or a problem in the sacroiliac joint

Question 5

Trendelenburg test

Answer 5

Model is standing

Stand behind the model

Model stands on unaffected leg and flexes affected leg pelvis remains level=negative test

Model stands on affected leg pelvis tilts towards unsupported side = positive test

Question 6

Trendelenburg test- explained

Answer 6

Positive test shows:

Paralysis or weak gluteal muscles
Inhibition of gulteal muscles due to pain from hip

Question 7

Thomas test

Answer 7

Stand on side of affected hip ask model to flex the knee towards the chest

Negative test: opposite thigh should rate remain in contact with the plinth

Positive test: opposite thigh raises from plinth

Question 8

Thomas test- explained

Answer 8

Shows a loss of extension confirms a fixed flexion deformity the at hip tightening illiopasoas