Hip Flashcards
1
Q
What is a hip fracture?
A
Fracture of femur above a point 5cm below most distal lesser trochanter
2
Q
How is a hip fracture classified?
A
-Intracapsular(femoral neck): subcapital, transcervical, basicervical, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric
3
Q
What is the main blood supply to the femoral head?
A
- Trochanteric anastomosis from femoral circumflex arteries
- Small contribution from branch of obturator artery
4
Q
What are the risk factors for hip fractures?
A
- Ageing
- Falls
- Osteoporosis
5
Q
What is the aetiology of low impact hip fractures?
A
- Osteoporosis
- Osteomalacia
- Bone metastases
- Paget’s disease
- Haematological malignancy
6
Q
What are the clinical features of a hip fracture?
A
- Fall
- Pain (groin, thigh,knee)
- Difficulty in weight-bearing
- Deformity (shortened limb, external rotation)
- Complications of fall/immobility
7
Q
What tests need to be carried out on a suspected hip fracture?
A
- FBC: U&E, blood glucose
- Creatine kinase-rhabdomyolysis
- Calcium profile
- Xray & CXR
- ECG
8
Q
What surgical management is available for fractures?
A
- Intracapsular: replacement hemiarthroplasty
- Extracapsular: dynamic hip screws, cannulated screws
9
Q
What are complications of a hip fracture?
A
- Cardiac
- UTIs & urinary retention
- Pressure sores
- Pseudo-obstruction
- Malnutrition
- Bronchopneumonia
- Thromboembolism (PE, DVT)
- Wound infections
