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Anatomy Lower extremity > hip > Flashcards

hip Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of the head of the femur will articulate with the acetabulum?

A

70%

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2
Q

what is located deep in the pocket of the hip to help cushion the hip joint and compress forces?

A

fat pad

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3
Q

why is the iliofemoral ligament y shaped?

A

because it attaches to both the lesser and greater trochanter

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4
Q

what does the iliofemoral ligament resist?

A

extension, internal and external rotation

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5
Q

what does the pubofemoral ligament resist?

A

abduction and external rotation

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6
Q

what does the ischiofemoral ligament resist?

A

adduction and internal rotation

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7
Q

true or false: none of the ligaments at the hip joint restrict flexion?

A

true

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8
Q

name the 4 bursa’s at the hip?

A

the trochanteric, iliopsoas, ischiogluteal, gluteofemoral

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9
Q

which bursa is commonly injured in sports?

A

ischiogluteal

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10
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the gluteal region?

A

gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus

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11
Q

what is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

post, gluteal line, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberus ligament

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12
Q

what is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

ITB and gluteal tuberosity

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13
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the gluteus mamimus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

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14
Q

what is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

extends the hip and does some lateral rotation

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15
Q

what is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A

between the anterior and posterior gluteal line

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16
Q

what is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

lateral greater trochanter

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17
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)

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18
Q

what is the action of the gluteus medius?

A

abducts and medial rotates

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19
Q

what is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A

between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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20
Q

what is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

anterior greater trochanter

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21
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

superior gluteal (L5,S1)

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22
Q

what is the action of the gluteus minimus?

A

abducts and medial rotates

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23
Q

what does the gluteus medius and minimus help stabilize and support?

A

the pelvis

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24
Q

what is the origin of the piriformis?

A

anterior surface of the sacrum and the sacrotuberous ligament

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25
Q

what is the insertion of the piriformis?

A

superior greater trochanter

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26
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the piriformis?

A

anterior rami of S1 and S2

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27
Q

what is the action of the piriformis?

A

lateral rotation, abduct the flexed thigh, stability of the FA joint

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28
Q

what is the origin of the quadratus femoris?

A

lateral ischial tuberosity

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29
Q

what is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?

A

intertrochanteric line

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30
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1)

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31
Q

what is the action of the quadratus femoris?

A

lateral rotation of the thigh and stability of the FA joint

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32
Q

the trochanteric anastomosis provides blood where?

A

to the head of the femur

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33
Q

what is included in the trochanteric anastomosis?

A

the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, medial femoral circumflex, and lateral femoral circumflex

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34
Q

which part of the lateral femoral circumflex is the most important in the trochanteric anstomosis?

A

the ascending branch

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35
Q

the cruciate anastomosis is at the level of…?

A

the lesser trochanter

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36
Q

the cruciate anastomosis includes what?

A

the inferior gluteal, medial femoral circumflex, lateral femoral circumflex, and the first perforating artery of the profundus

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37
Q

which part of the lateral femoral circumflex is the most important in the cruciate anastomosis?

A

the transverse branch

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38
Q

where does the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex go to form?

A

it goes down to the lateral knee where it forms a circumflex at the knee

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39
Q

what will the femoral artery split into?

A

a femoral artery proper and a deep

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40
Q

what is the main artery that supplies blood to the fovea of the head of the femur?

A

the acetabulum branch of the obturator artery

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41
Q

what other arteries help supply blood to the head of the femur?

A

the superior, posterior and inferior retinacular arteries and the trochanteric anstomosis

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42
Q

what two major circumflexes come off the deep femoral artery>?

A

the medial and lateral femoral circumflex

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43
Q

explain the femoral artery proper as it travels down the leg?

A

it gives rise to the descending genicular branch and goes into the adductor hiatus where it changes name to the popliteal artery

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44
Q

what is descending genicular artery?

A

comes off the femoral artery proper and forms a circumflex at the medial aspect of the knee

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45
Q

what is the importance of the deep femoral artery?

A

gives rise to the medial and lateral femoral circumflex and has branches that will help feed blood to the hamstrings

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46
Q

where is the saphenous nerrve cutaneous too?

A

the anterior medial aspect of the knee

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47
Q

after the saphenous nerve becomes cutaneous what then does it join?

A

it joins the greater spahenous vein towards the foot

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48
Q

what muscle is the adductor hiatus in?

A

the adductor magnum

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49
Q

what joint allows for the most ROM in the lower extremity?

A

the knee

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50
Q

what is the hip so stable?

A
  1. ) the concave acetabelum
  2. ) the convex femoral head
  3. ) muscular attachments
  4. ) ligament capsule
  5. ) labrum
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51
Q

with increase in stability comes what?

A

decrease in range of motion

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52
Q

the acetabulum is lines with what type of cartilage?

A

hyaline

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53
Q

what is the purpose of the labrum in the hip joint?

A

deepens the pocket of the joint and cushions impact forces

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54
Q

what is going to help grip the head of the femur into the acetabulum?

A

the labrum

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55
Q

what ligament is going to cover the acetabulum notch?

A

the transverse acetabular ligament

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56
Q

what is going to come out and attach to the fovea of the head of the femur while protecting the acetabulum branch of the obturator artery?

A

teres femoris

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57
Q

what are the triceps coxa muscles?

A

the obturator internus, the superior gemellus, and the inferior gemellus

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58
Q

what landmark are you going to use to help find nervous and vascular structures in the posterior hip?

A

the piriformis

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59
Q

what nervous and vascular strucutres are you going to find superior to the piriformis?

A

superior gluteal VAN

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60
Q

what nervous and vascular strucutres are you going to find inferior the hip

A

nerve to obteratur internus, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery and vein

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61
Q

what nervous and vascular strucutres are you going to find inferior to the thigh?

A

sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous, inferior VAN

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62
Q

which foramen does the sciatic nerve come out of?

A

the greater sciatic foramen

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63
Q

under which muscle will the sciatic nerve run under?

A

the piriformis

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64
Q

what are the common anamolies that have to deal with the sciatic nerve and the piriformis?

A

sometime the sciatic nerve will split superiorly and the common peroneal portion will run through the piriformis or the whole sciatic nerve will run on top of the piriformis

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65
Q

what are the seven muscles that attach to the greater trochanter?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus

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66
Q

what is the origin of the oburator externus?

A

margins of the obturator foramen and membrane

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67
Q

what is the insertion of the obturator externus?

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

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68
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the obturator externus?

A

obturator nerve (L5 and S1)

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69
Q

what is the action of the obturator externus?

A

lateral rotation and stabliize the FA joint

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70
Q

what is the origin of the obturator internus?

A

rim of the obturator foramen and the surface of the obturator membrane

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71
Q

what is the insertion of the obturator internus?

A

medial GT

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72
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the obturator internus?

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1)

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73
Q

what is the action of the obturator internus?

A

lateral rotation

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74
Q

what is the origin of the superior gemellus?

A

ischial spine

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75
Q

what is the insertion of the superior gemellus?

A

medial GT

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76
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

nerve to the obturator internus (L5 and S1)

77
Q

what is the action of the superior gemellus?

A

lateral rotation, abducts the flexed thigh, stablity of the FA joint

78
Q

what is the origin of the inferior gemellus?

A

ischial tuberosity

79
Q

what is the insertion of the inferior gemellus?

A

medial GT

80
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the inderior gemellus?

A

nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5 and S1)

81
Q

what is the action of the inferior gemellus?

A

lateral rotation, abducts the flexed thigh and stablity of the FA joint

82
Q

what is the origin of the pectineus?

A

superior ramus of the pubis

83
Q

what is the insertion of the pectineus?

A

pectineal line

84
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the pectineus?

A

femoral nerve L2 and L3

85
Q

what is the action of the pectineus?

A

flex the thigh, adduction and medial rotation

86
Q

what is the origin of the sartorius?

A

ASIS, inferior notch

87
Q

what is the insertion of the sartorius?

A

supero-medial surface of the tibia

88
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the sartorius?

A

femoral nerve (L2 and L3)

89
Q

what is the action of the sartorius?

A

flex the thigh, abduction, lateral rotation

90
Q

what is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

A

GT and the lateral lip of the linea aspera

91
Q

what is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A

quadricep tendon

92
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the vastus lateralis?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, and L4)

93
Q

what is the action of the vastus lateralis?

A

extend the leg

94
Q

what is the origin of the vastus intermedius?

A

anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

95
Q

what is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?

A

quadricep tendon

96
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the vastus intermedius?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

97
Q

what is the action of the vastus intermedius?

A

extend the leg

98
Q

what is the origin of the vastus medialis?

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera

99
Q

what is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

quadricep tendon

100
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the vastus medialis?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3 L4)

101
Q

what is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

extend the leg

102
Q

what is the origin of the rectus femoris?

A

ASIS, illium superior to the acetabulum

103
Q

what is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

A

quadricep tendon

104
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the rectus femoris?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3 L4)

105
Q

what is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

extends the leg and flexes the hip

106
Q

the inguinal ligament connects what two bones?

A

the pelvic bone and the pubic bone

107
Q

what vertebrae does the sacral plexus go from?

A

L4-S4

108
Q

what are the branches of the sacral plexus that goes down the lower limb?

A

sciatic, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to the obturator internus, posterior cutaneous nerve to the thigh, nerve to the piriformis

109
Q

what portion of the sacral plexus stays more close to the pelvic viscera and the perimeum?

A

the pudendal nerve and the pelvic splanchnic

110
Q

what two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

A

the tibial (more medial) and the common peroneal ( more lateral)

111
Q

what two nerve roots make up the lumbosacral trunk?

A

L4 and L5

112
Q

what are the two cutaneous veins of the lower extremity?

A

greater saphenous vein and the lesser saphenous vein

113
Q

the greater saphenous vein travels with what nerve?

A

saphenous nerve

114
Q

how can the greater saphenous vein be used in a coronary bypass surgury?

A

the vein itself is used as a bypass

115
Q

the greater spahenous vein leads into what larger strucutre?

A

the femoral vein

116
Q

what is the course of the greater saphenous vein?

A

dorsum of the foot, medial lower leg, medial knee, anteromedial thigh, into saphenous opening and leads into the femoral vein

117
Q

what is the course of the small saphenous vein?

A

plantar surface of the foot, between the two heads of the gastrocnemius, into the popliteal fossa and becomes the popliteal vein and then leads into the femoral vein

118
Q

deep venous structures have what type of valves?

A

compasete valves

119
Q

what are compasete valves?

A

they are valves that prevent backflow, which causes blood to go in only one direction

120
Q

the lymphatics of the lateral foot and lateral/posterior leg follow what? drain into what?

A

the small saphenous vein; popliteal lymph nodes

121
Q

the lymphatics of the deep lymph structures follow what? and drain into what?

A

femoral vein; deep inguinal nodes

122
Q

what is the fascia lata?

A

its a tight piece of fascia that helps draw blood back to the core and helps fight against gravity

123
Q

what two muscles help keep the IT band taut?

A

the gluteus maximus and the tensor fascia lata

124
Q

the femoral triangle is bordered by what?

A

inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus

125
Q

what two lucunae are found in the femoral triangle?

A

the muscular lucunae and vascular lucunae

126
Q

what structures are found in the muscular lucunae?

A

the femoral nerve and the iliopsoas

127
Q

what structures are found in the vascular lucunae

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral ring/canal

128
Q

what is the femoral ring/canal

A

it is the opening that leads into the canal that opens in the spahenous opening it contains a bunch of lymph nodes

129
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, artery, and vein, spahenous nerve, and lymph nodes

130
Q

the femoral sheath is a continuation of what fascia?

A

transversalis

131
Q

what are the compartments of the femoral sheath?

A

medial - lymph nodes
intermediate - femoral vein
lateral -femoral artery

132
Q

what are the borders of the femoral canal/ring?

A

anterior - inguinal ligament
posterior - superior ramus of pubis
medial - lucunar ligament
lateral - femroal vein

133
Q

what is the femoral hernia?

A

it occurs below and lateral to the pubic tuburcle where the guts enter into the femoral ring

134
Q

the femoral nerve sits on top of what muscle?

A

illiacus

135
Q

the superior gluteal arteries supply what muscles

A

glute max, med, min and TFL

136
Q

the inferior gluteal artery supplies what muscles?

A

glute max, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, superior HS

137
Q

what muscle is the only muscle that gets blood feed from both the superior and inferior gluteal artery?

A

gluteus maximus

138
Q

explain the osteology of the pelvis?

A

a sacrum, coccyx, and 2 os coxa

139
Q

what 3 structures make up an os coxa?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

140
Q

the ramus of the ischium and the ramus of the pubis fuse together at what age?

A

8

141
Q

what is the origin of psoas major?

A

sides of T12-L5 and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

142
Q

what is the insertion of psoas major?

A

lesser trochanter of femur

143
Q

what is the nerve innervation of psoas major?

A

anterior rami of L1, L2, L3

144
Q

what is the action of the psoas major?

A

hip flexion and functional stability

145
Q

what is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

sides of t12-L1

146
Q

what is the insertion of the psoas minor?

A

pectineal line and iliopectineal arch

147
Q

what is the nerve innervation of psoas minor?

A

anterior rami of L1 and L2

148
Q

what is the action of the psoas minor?

A

hip flexion and functional stability

149
Q

what is the origin of the iliacus?

A

iliac crest, fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior SI lig

150
Q

what is the insertion of the iliaucs?

A

tendon of the psoas major and LT

151
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the iliacus?

A

femoral nerve (L2 and L3)

152
Q

what is the action of the iliacus?

A

hip flexion and functional stability

153
Q

what is the origin of teh TFL?

A

ASIS and anterior iliac crest

154
Q

what is the insertion of the TFL?

A

lateral condyle via ITB

155
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the TFL?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)

156
Q

what is the action of the TFL?

A

medial rotation, abduction and pelvic stability

157
Q

what is the origin of the adductor brevis?

A

body of the pubis inferior to crest

158
Q

what is the insertion of the adductor brevis?

A

pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

159
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

160
Q

what is the action of the adductor brevis?

A

adduction and aids in hip flexion

161
Q

what is the origin of gracilis?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

162
Q

what is the insertion of gracilis?

A

superior portion of medial tibia

163
Q

what is the nerve innervation of gracilis?

A

obturator nerve (L2 and L3)

164
Q

what is the action of gracilis?

A

adduction, medial rotation, flexion of thigh

165
Q

what is the origin of adductor longus?

A

inferior body of pubis

166
Q

what is the insertion of adductor longus?

A

middle 1/3 of linea aspera

167
Q

what is the nerve innervation of adductor longus?

A

obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

168
Q

what is the action of adductor longus?

A

adduction

169
Q

what is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

170
Q

what is the insertion of semimembranosus?

A

posterior medial condyle of the tibia

171
Q

what is the nerve innervation of semimembranosus?

A

tibial nerve (L5,S1,S2)

172
Q

what is the action of the semimembranosus?

A

extend the hip and flex the knee

173
Q

what is the origin of semitendonosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

174
Q

what is the insertion of the semitendonosus?

A

superomedial tibia

175
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the semitendonosus?

A

tibial nerve (L5,S1,S2)

176
Q

what is the action of the semitendonosus?

A

extend the hip and flex the knee

177
Q

what is the origin of the biceps femoris (long head)

A

ischial tuberosity

178
Q

what is the insertion of the biceps femoris (Long head)

A

lateral side of the fibular head

179
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the biceps femoris (long head)

A

tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

180
Q

what is the action of the biceps femoris (long head)

A

extend the hip and flex the knee

181
Q

what is the origin of the adductor magnus (hamstring)

A

ischial tuberosity

182
Q

what is the insertion of the adductor magnus (hamstring)

A

adductor tuburcle

183
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the adductor magnus (hamstring)?

A

tibial nerve (l4)

184
Q

what is the action of the adductor magnus (hamstring)

A

extend the thigh

185
Q

what is the origin of the adductor magnus (add)

A

inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ishcium

186
Q

what is the insertion of the adducotr magnus (add)

A

gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line

187
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the adductor magnus(add)

A

obturator nerve (l2, l3, l4)

188
Q

what is the action of the adductor magnus (add)

A

flex the thigh

Anatomy Lower extremity (5 decks)

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