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Good MI3 > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

2
Q

Classify the hip joint according to type and complexity

A

Synovial

Simple

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3
Q

Classify the hip joint according to shape and degrees of motion

A

Unmodified ovoid

3 degrees

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4
Q

Hip osteokinematics (mechanical axis)

A

Transverse axis through femoral neck

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5
Q

Hip osteokinematics (available movements and axis of movement)

A

Flex/extn - sagittal plane, transverse axis

Abd/add - coronal plane, sagittal axis

Int rot/Ext rot - transverse plane, vertical axis

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6
Q

Hip arthrokinematics (for each movement)

A

SPIN

Flex/extn

GLIDES

Abd - inferior

Add - superior

Int rot - posterior

Ext rot - anterior

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7
Q

What deepens the acetabulum and what is it made of?

A

The acetabular labrum (triangular fibrocartilaginous rim)

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8
Q

Where is the acetabulum deficient and why?

A

Labrum is deficient inferiorly for the acetabular notch (transverse acetabular ligament bridges it)

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9
Q

Where does the hip capsule attach to the labrum and what does it create?

A

Attaches at its peripheral base (creates a circular recess)

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10
Q

Describe the shape of the femoral head

A

Ellipsoid, convex 2/3 sphere with hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

Why is there a fovea in the femoral head?

A

Fovea for ligamentum teres

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12
Q

Describe the direction of the femoral head and the neck angle

A

Directed superior, anterior, medial

Femoral neck angle 120-125deg

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13
Q

Where is the articular cartilage thickest in the hip joint?

A

Thickest at anterosuperior acetabulum and anterolateral femoral head

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14
Q

Does articular cartilage cover of the neck of the femur?

A

Covers small area of intraarticular part of the neck of femur

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15
Q

Where is the hip capsule thickest and thinnest?

A
  1. Strong and dense
  2. Thickest anterosuperiorly and lax/thin posteroinferiorly
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16
Q

Where does the hip capsule attach proximally?

A

To bone (5mm beyond acetabular labrum) and the transverse acetabular ligament

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17
Q

Where does the capsule attach distally?

A

Anteriorly to trochanteric line and posteriorly to femoral neck above trochanteric crest

18
Q

Describe the orientation of the layers of hip joint capsule (external and internal)

A

External = longitudinally oriented

Internal = circularly oriented

19
Q

Describe the Zona orbicularis of the hip

A

Encircles proximal femoral neck, indents the synovium, no bony attachment

20
Q

What does the zona orbicularis of the hip do?

A

Divides synovial cavity into medial and lateral recess

21
Q

Describe the shape and direction of the acetabulum

A

Roughly concave and hemispheric

Projects anterolaterally and inferiorly

22
Q

Describe the central fossa of the acetabulum (3)

A

Central fossa

  • non-articular
  • filled with loose areolar tissue
  • covered with synovium (fat pad) for proprioception
23
Q

Where is the acetabulum broadest?

A

Broadest superiorly (resist WB)

24
Q

Hip nerves (segmental, peripheral, other)

A

L2-S1

Peripheral (obturator nerve and branches) - to capsule and intraarticular structures

Other - Accessory articular branches of femoral, superior gluteal and sciatic nerves supply each muscle crossing the hip

25
Q

What arteries supply the hip joint?

A

Femoral arteries

  • medial circumflex
  • lateral circumflex

Foveal artery

26
Q

What contribution does the foveal artery make?

A

Small contribution

Avoid avascular necrosis of femoral head with disruption of circumflex arteries

27
Q

What are the two important anastomoses of the hip?

A

Anastamoses

  • Cruciate
  • Trochanteric
28
Q

What are the bursae of the hip? (and where are they located)

A

BURSAE

  • Greater trochanteric
  • Gluteofemoral (between gluteus maximus and linea aspera)
  • Ischial/ischiogluteal (between gluteus medius and ischial tuberosity)
  • Iliopectineal (separates external hip joint capsule and iliopsoas)
  • Psoas (psoas and lesser trochanter)
  • Iliac (insertion of iliopsoas into lesser trochanter)
29
Q

What muscles internally rotate the hip?

A

Gluteus minimus and medius with hip extended

TFL

Semitendinosis

Semimembranosus

30
Q

What muscles ABduct the hip?

A

TFL

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

31
Q

What muscles ADduct the hip?

A

Adductors

  • magnus
  • longus
  • brevis

Gracilis

Pectineus

32
Q

What muscles flex the hip?

A

Iliopsoas

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

TFL

Pectineus

33
Q

What muscles extend the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosis

Biceps femoris

34
Q

What are the 6 deep muscles that externally rotate the hip?

A

Deep

  • Piriformis
  • Gamellus superior and inferior
  • Obturator internus and externus
  • Quadratus femoris
35
Q

What other 4 muscles externally rotate the hip?

A

Other

  • Gluteus maximus (lower fibres)
  • Gluteus medius and minimus when hip is flexed
  • Psoas maj/min
  • Sartorius
36
Q

What is this hip ligament (#1)?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

37
Q

What is this hip ligament (#2)?

A

Iliofemoral ligament (Y-shaped - iliotrochanteric and inferior band)

38
Q

What is this ligament (#3)? (Posterior view)

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

39
Q

What intraarticular ligaments are in the hip?

A

Ligamentum teres

Transverse acetabular ligament

Good MI3 (6 decks)

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