Hip Flashcards
What is osteoarthritis?
Affects synovial joints Breakdown of hyaline cartilage Chronic disease no systemic involvement Non inflammatory Joint pain and reduced quality of life
What are risk factors of OE of the hip?
Female
Older age
Genetics
Nutrition (lacking vit C)
Obesity
Trauma
Metabolic disorders
How does OE develop?
Increased proteoglancan synthesis by chrondrocytes= swollen cartilage
As develops protoglycan count falls = flaking and fibrillation on smooth articular surface
Cartilage eroded down to bone = loss joint space
Vascular invasion and incensed cellularity = subchondrial sclerosis
Undergo cystic degeneration = bone cysts
What are signs if hip OE?
Joint stiffness Pain (gluteal region and groin) Mechanical pain Crepitus Reduced mobility
What signs of OE are seen on x-rays?
Reduced joint space
Subchondrial sclerosis
Bone cysts
Osteophytes
What are common sites of neck of femur fractures?
Intracapsular- disrupts blood supple of circumflex artery (chance of necrosis)
Extracapsular- no disruption to blood supply
What are symptoms of nof fractures?
Reduced mobility
Pain in hip, groin and knee
How does the leg appear in a dislocated nof fracture?
Shortened
Abducted
Internally rotated
What are the mechanisms of traumatic hip dislocation?
Knee impacting dashboard in RTC
How will the limb appear in a traumatic posterior hip dislocation?
Flexed Addicted Internally rotated Shortened Sciatic nerve palsy
Why in the leg shortened and internally rotated in posterior hip dislocations?
Head of femur pushed back over acetabulum
Head of femur pulled up by extensors and adductors of hip =shortening
Greater trochanter pulled by gluteus minimus and medius = internal rotation
How do anterior dislocated hips appear?
External rotation
Abduction
Slight flexion
How do central hip dislocations appear?
Head of femur driven through acetabulum
Fracture dislocation
Femoral head palpable near rectum
High risk of haemorrhage
