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Comparative Cultures > Hinduism Test > Flashcards

Hinduism Test Flashcards

1
Q

Rig Veda

A

a collection of Sanskrit hymns which is Hinduisms oldest text

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2
Q

moksha

A

liberation or release of the individual self, atman, from the bondage of salvation; one of the four goals of life

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3
Q

monism

A

the doctrine that reality is ultimately made up of only one essence

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4
Q

Brahman

A

the eternal essence of reality and the source of the universe, beyond the reach of human perception and thought

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5
Q

Upanishads

A

a collection of over two hundred texts composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary on the Vedas

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6
Q

Atman

A

the eternal self (identified with Brahman) also refers to the soul of an individual that is reincarnated from one body to the next and is ultimately identified with Atman.

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7
Q

samsara

A

The wheel of rebirth or reincarnation; the this-worldy realm in which rebirth occurs.

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8
Q

Bhagavad-Gita

A

The most popular sacred text is a section of the epic poem Mahabharata where the god Krishna teaches the great warrior Arjuna about bhakti marga and other ways to God.

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9
Q

karma

A

the moral law of cause and effect of actions; determines the nature of one’s reincarnation.

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10
Q

dharma

A

ethical duty based on the divine order of reality; one of the four goals of life

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11
Q

caste system

A

traditional division of India’s castes

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12
Q

Bhramin

A

The priests; the highest of the caste system

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13
Q

Kshatryia

A

The Warriors; the second highest on the caste system

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14
Q

Viasya

A

Merchants and Landowners; Third on the caste system

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15
Q

Sudra

A

Commoners, peasants, and servants; Last on the caste system pyramid

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16
Q

Untouchables

A

Out of caste caste; The street sweepers or bathroom cleaners

17
Q

sannyasin

A

a wandering ascetic who has advanced the fourth and highest stage of life

18
Q

ascetic

A

one who renounces physical pleasures and worldly attachments for the sake of spiritual advancements

19
Q

kama

A

pleasure, especially of sensual love; one of the four goals of life

20
Q

artha

A

material success and social prestige, one of the four goals of life

21
Q

karma marga (aka karma yoga; the path of works)

A

one of the three Hindu paths to salvation, emphasizing performing right actions according to dharma

22
Q

jnana marga (aka jnana yoga; the path of knowledge

A

one of the three Hindu paths to salvation, emphasizing knowing the true nature of reality through learning and meditation

23
Q

Vedanta

A

a system of Hindu philosophy and one approach within jnana marga holding that all reality is essentially Brahman

24
Q

maya

A

cosmic illusion brought about by divine creative power

25
Q

sankhya

A

a system of Hindu philosophy and one approach within jnana marga asserting that reality comprises two distinct categories: matter and eternal selves

26
Q

yoga

A

a system of Hindu philosophy and one approach within jnana marga seeking to free the eternal self from the bondage of personhood, culminating in the experience of samadhi

27
Q

samadhi

A

a trancelike state in which self-consciousness is lost, and the mind is absorbed into ultimate reality

28
Q

bhakti marga (aka bhakti yoga; the path of devotion)

A

the most popular of the three Hindu paths to salvation, emphasizing loving devotion to one’s chosen god or goddess

29
Q

avatar

A

an incarnation, or living embodiment, of a deity, usually of Vishnu, who is sen to earth to accomplish a divine purpose

30
Q

sati

A

the traditional practice of burning a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre

31
Q

Brahma

A

the creator god

32
Q

Shiva

A

the destroyer god

33
Q

Vishnu

A

the preserver god

Comparative Cultures (3 decks)

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