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World Religions (Open) > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

Hinduism is indigenous to what part(s) of the world?

A

The Indian Subcontinent

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2
Q

How many Hindus are there in the world today?

A

Around 1 billion

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3
Q

What are Hinduism’s three most important texts?

A
  1. The Vedas
  2. The Mahabharata
  3. The Ramayana
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4
Q

Is Hinduism polytheistic? Why or why not?

A

No

Hinduism may have over 330 million Gods, but Hinduism asserts a single Supreme Being called Brahman, which incorporates the worship of several different gods that represent Brahman’s different aspects.

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5
Q

Around when did Hinduism begin to exist?

A

Its roots stretch back as far as 2000 B.C.E.

  • It was codified in the Vedic texts beginning around 1500 B.C.E.
  • Hinduism is unique among major world religions in that it has no single founder
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6
Q

What are the Vedas?

A

The most important Hindu text(s)

  • Essentially complete by 1200 B.C.E.
  • Four collections of verses: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda
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7
Q

According to Hinduism, what are the four purposes or aims in life?

A
  1. Dharma - duty (generally meaning one’s vocation)
  2. Artha - wealth (the pursuit of worldly success)
  3. Kama - physical pleasure
  4. Moksha - the most important: enlightenment, liberation, union with God (Brahman)
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8
Q

What is yoga?

A

Union of the self with the Hindu Supreme Being

- Generally, refers to one of the many paths toward enlightenment.

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9
Q

What three aspects of the Supreme Being make up the Trimurti, the central trinity of Hinduism?

A
  1. Brahma (the Creator)
  2. Vishnu (the Preserver)
  3. Shiva (the Destroyer or Transformer)
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10
Q

What are some important attributes of the Hindu god Brahma

A

The Creator

  • Has never been worshipped extensively, despite being one of the three main gods of Hinduism
  • In depictions, wears red clothes and does not carry weapons
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11
Q

What are some important attributes of the Hindu god Vishnu?

A

Protector and preserver of creation

  • Embodiment of mercy, kindness, and peace
  • Almost always has four arms and is often depicted lying on a serpent
  • Consort is Lakshmi
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12
Q

What are some important attributes of the Hindu god Shiva?

A

Transformer and destroyer

  • Destroys the world at the end of each cycle (before Brahma creates it again)
  • Associate with dance and meditation
  • Consort is Parvati
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13
Q

In Hinduism, what is Devi or Shakti?

A

The mother Goddess or female aspect of the divine

- Her many forms include Lakshmi, Kali, Parvati, and Durga

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14
Q

What are the five main levels of the Hindu caste system?

A
  1. Brahmins
  2. Kshatriyas
  3. Vaishyas
  4. Shudras
  5. Pariah (or Harijans)

Note: There are many of subcastes

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15
Q

What is the Ramayana?

A

An epic Hindu poem written around the 2nd century B.C.E.

- Tells the story of Rama, the 7th incarnation of Vishnu

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16
Q

What is the Bhagavad Gita?

A

The single most popular Hindu text

  • A section from the Mahabharata
  • A “manual for mankind,” outlining major philosophical concepts of Hinduism, as well as several types of yoga
  • Central figure and teacher of the Bhagavad Gita is Krishna
17
Q

What is atman?

A

The “true self” within each person, which is identical to the Hindu Supreme Being Brahman
- The equivalent to the “Human Soul”

18
Q

What is mudra(s)?

A

A non-verbal method of communication, using repetitive gestures and finger positions, which is used to provoke a response in the mind of the observer

19
Q

In Hinduism, what are the four paths to salvation?

A
  1. Bhakti (devotion)
  2. Karma (action)
  3. Jnana (wisdom/knowledge)
  4. Raja (meditation)
20
Q

What are most Hindu’s called when it comes to the consumption of food?

A

Lacto-Vegetarians

  • only animal food they eat are dairy foods
  • all life is sacred so meat is forbidden
21
Q

What are the three types of food consumed by Hindu’s?

A
  1. Sattvic Foods
  2. Rajasic Foods
  3. Tamasic Foods
22
Q

What is Diwali?

A

The Hindu “festival of lights,” a five-day festival celebrated between mid-October and mid-November.

23
Q

What is Holi?

A

A Hindu holiday celebrating the arrival of spring in early to mid-March
- Involves general merrymaking, most famously spraying people with multicoloured paints

24
Q

What are the four stages of life according to Hindu Society?

A
  1. Student ( 7 to 20)
  2. Householder (20 - 50)
  3. Semi-retired (when family is self-supporting)
  4. Wandering Ascetic (Sanyasin) (when ready)
25
Q

What is Henna

A

Painting designs on hands and feet usually done on a bride before the wedding ceremony.

World Religions (Open) (8 decks)

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