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HINDUISM Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 contrasting beliefs about God’s nature (5)

A
  • Nirguna- “God is outside all” (Isa Upanishad)

- Saguna- “In truth Brahman is all” (Mundaka Upanishad)

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2
Q

Give 2 beliefs about God’s presentation (5)

A
  • There are three God’s- Tri-murti (Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu)- “how many gods are there? 3” (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad)
  • There is only one God with just many aspects- “how many God’s are there really? one” (BU)
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3
Q

Describe 2 members of the tri-murti (4)

A
  • Brahma creator God, consort Saraswati goddess of learning, presented on Lotus with water pot
  • Vishnu preserver God, consort of Lakshmi goddess of wealth, presented with avatars
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4
Q

‘Moksha is a Hindu’s main aim in life’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-“he who knows Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Rig Veda)- release from Maya
-karma- “who so enjoys their gift yet gives nothing is a theif” (Bhagavad Gita)
AGAINST
-help others- Sanatana Dharma- “one may amass wealth with 1000 hands but one must also distribute it with 1000 hands” (Artharva Veda)
-fulfill Dharma- better transmigration

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5
Q

‘The temple is the best place to worship’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-temples are known as God’s home on earth-Brahmin’s conduct ceremony- “he who understands Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Rig Veda)
-learn about ceremonies in a community- “there is none high or low amongst you, strive all together to gain prosperity” (Rig Veda)
AGAINST
-worship specific deity at home according to warns or ashrama (e.g. Lakshmi for vanaprastha)
-release from ordinary secular life- astanga meditational yoga

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6
Q

Explain the differences between Vaishnavism and Shaivism (4)

A
  • Vaishnavas- dualists- dvaita (God and atman are separate), worship Vedas, puranas, pray to avatars
  • Shaivites- non-dualists- advaita (God and atman are one), ask for destruction of evil and sins
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7
Q

Give 2 beliefs about Gurus (5)

A
  • They are a representative that has achieved Moksha teaching everyone how to do it too- “he who understands Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad)
  • they are here to bring happiness and love- Mata Amritanandamayi hugged everyone
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8
Q

‘All Hindus should be vegetarian’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-the breath used in killing should not be used in prayer
-Sanatana Dharma- care for animals
AGAINST
-Nirguna Brahman- “God is outside all” (Isa Upanishad) -not important
-maya of immaterial wealth- “since i am rich of noble line who else can be compared to mine?” (Bhagavad Gita)

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9
Q

‘Diwali is the most important Hindu festival’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-celebrates the Ramayana- Rama and Sita’s return
-Diyas= light over darkness
AGAINST
-Holi- release from caste system- “in truth Brahman is all” (Mundaka Upanishad)
-celebrates new life in Spring

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10
Q

Give two different types of yoga (5)

A
  • Karma Yoga- selfless action “he who enjoys their gift, yet gives nothing, is a thief” (Bhagavad Gita)
  • Jnana Yoga- knowledge “He who understands Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Brihadaranyaka upanishad)
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11
Q

‘Varanasi is the best place for pilgrimage’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-capital of spirituality for Jains, Buddhists, and Hindus- community- “there is none high or low amongst you, strive all together to gain prosperity” (Rig Veda)
-on the Ganges- “I am the Ganga” (BG- Krishna)
AGAINST (Kumbh Mela)
-water releases atman- celestial bird Garuda- “the water is the essence of the earth” (Bhagavad Gita)
-largest pilgrimage in the world- devotion= Bhakti Yoga

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12
Q

‘Hindus must give to charity’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-Sanatana Dharma- care for needy-“there is none high or low amongst you, strive altogether to gain prosperity” (Rig Veda)
-“amass wealth with 1000 hands and also distribute it with 1000 hands” (Artharva Veda)
AGAINST
-support family (1st ashrama-provide for family-artha)”since i am rich of noble line who else can be compared to mine” (Bhagavad Gita)
-should give time not money- dana- goshallas

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13
Q

Explain two ways in which Hindu charities promote conservation (5)

A
  • Bhaktivedanta Manor Cow Protection- create retirement homes for cows (goshallas) show love to animals- “i look upon all creatures equally” (Bhagavad Gita)
  • Vrindavan Forest Revival Project- worked for replanting and conservation of forests
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14
Q

‘Bhakti is the most important form of yoga’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-show devotion to God through pilgrimage to Kumbh Mela
-show devotion to God through daily prayer and puja in the home- creates a personal relationship with God
AGAINST
-karma yoga- try to release from material illusion (maya)- “he who enjoys their gift, yet gives nothing is a thief” (Bhagavad Gita)
-jnana yoga- learn about God- “he who understands Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Rig Veda)

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15
Q

‘The main reason why Hindus go to pilgrimage to pray is for healing’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-celestial bird Garuda dropped 4 drops of the nectar of immortality in the sites of Kumbh Mela- “the water is the essence of the earth” (Bhagavad Gita)
-allows release from atman - “the bodied soul takes on new forms when it discards the worm out ones that die” (Bhagavad Gita)
AGAINST
-community- “there is none high or low amongst you, strive all together to gain prosperity” (Rig Veda)
-show devotion to god- Bhakti Yoga

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16
Q

explain two contrasting hindu virtues (4)

A
  • humility- don’t be too arrogant
  • love- Hindus believe in Sanatana Dharma you need to show respect and love to the elderly and poor - “there is none high or low amongst you, strive all together to gain prosperity” (Rig veda)
17
Q

Explain two contrasting Gunas

A
  • Sattva- goodness and harmonious- working with others in a community
  • Tamas- darkness, ignorance and chaos
18
Q

explain two contrasting ashramas (4)

A
  • brahmacharya- student and knowledge stage- Jnana yoga

- sannyasa- hermit- release from worldly desires- maya of material wealth

19
Q

Explain two ways in which Hindus understand the atman (5)

A
  • eternal- “the atman… is never born and never dies” (katha upanishad)
  • soul- “the bodied soul” (Bhagavad Gita)
20
Q

explain two Hindu beliefs about the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth (5)

A
  • moksha- you can be released from the cycle of transmigration
  • karma and atman- “the bodied soul takes on new forms when it discards the worn out ones that die” (Bhagavad Gita)
21
Q

Explain two ways in which Hindus understand the term dharma (5)

A
  • duty- “in this unavoidable discharge of your duty” (Bhagavad Gita)- your ashrama and varna allow you to achieve your dharma through fulfilling them
  • order- Hindus believe that there will be order and balance in life if everyone follows their dharma and does as they should to achieve Moksha
22
Q

‘Vishnu is the most important deity of the Tri-mufti’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-avatars govern festival Diwali- Rama and Sita’s return in the ramayana
-Vaishnavism- biggest sect in Hinduism- worship avatars, Vedas and Puranas to ask for preservation and maintenance
AGAINST
-Brahma- creator God- “who verily knows whence comes this creation? He verily knows it” (Rig Veda)- release from maya
-shaivism- destroyer God- belief in Yugas that Shiva will destroy the world and become Satya yuga again

23
Q

‘the most important aspect of the Divine for Hindus is the idea that God exists within the heart of all living beings’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-antaryami allows Hindus to be closer with God and feel more connected and love morally (Sanatana dharma- consider what is right and wrong of every action)
-the idea of atman as a part of the divine in your soul allows you to govern actions and become more moral
AGAINST
-Saguna Brahman- God within everything “in truth Brahman is all” (Mundaka Upanishad)
-Nirguna Brahman- only when you reach Moksha will you understand the divine- “he who understands Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Rig Veda)
-all equally important- “God is within all God is outside all” (Isa Upanishad)

24
Q

‘The Brahmin social class is the most important of the varna’s’ Evaluate (12)

A

FOR
-the caste pecking order- “the murder of a shudra by a Brahmin is equal only to killing a cat or a frog” (Laws of manu)
-they are priests so are able to officiate temple worship and help other gain an understanding of Brahman- “he who understands Brahman verily becomes Brahman” (Rig Veda)
AGAINST
-all castes are redundant- “the senseless law of status by birth” (Gandhi)
-Vaishyas most important- merchant- artha- “one must accumulate wealth with 1000 hands” (Artharva Veda)

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