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Rel 133 > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

“ Nonharm,” “nonviolence

A

ahimsa (uh-him’-sa):

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2
Q

The spiritual essence of all individual human beings.

A

Atman (at’-mun):

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3
Q

An earthly embodiment of a deity

A

avatar (ah’-va-tar):

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4
Q

A religious literary work about Krishna

A

Bhagavad Gita (bhuh’-guh-vud gee’-ta):

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5
Q

Devotion to a deity or guru.

A

bhakti (bhuk’-ti):

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6
Q

The spiritual discipline of devotion to a deity or guru

A

bhakti yoga:

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7
Q

God of creation.

A

Brahma (bruh’-mah):

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8
Q

The spiritual essence of the universe.

A

Brahman ( bruh’-mun ):

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9
Q

Member of the priestly caste

A

brahmin (bruh’-min):

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10
Q

A major social class sanctioned by Hinduism.

A

caste (kaast):

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11
Q

the Divine Feminine, also called the Great Mother

A

Devi (deh’-vee): “ Goddess”;

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12
Q

Meditation

A

dhyana ( dyah’-nah ):

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13
Q

“ Awe-inspiring,” “distant”; a mother-goddess; a form of Devi

A

Durga:

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14
Q

A spiritual teacher.

A

guru ( goo’-roo ):

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15
Q

The spiritual discipline of postures and bodily exercises

A

hatha yoga ( hah’-tha yoh’-ga ):

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16
Q

The spiritual discipline of knowledge and insight.

A

jnana yoga (gyah’-nuh yoh’-ga; juh-nah’-nah yoh’-ga ):

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17
Q

“ Dark,” a form of Devi; a goddess associated with destruction and rebirth

A

Kali (kah’-lee):

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18
Q

The moral law of cause and effect that determines the direction of rebirth.

A

karma:

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19
Q

The spiritual discipline of selfless action.

A

karma yoga:

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20
Q

A god associated with divine playfulness; a form of Vishnu.

A

Krishna:

21
Q

A form of raja yoga that envisions the individual’s energy as a force that is capable of being raised from the center of the body to the head, producing a state of joy.

A

kundalini yoga ( koon-duh-lee’-nee yoh’-ga ):

22
Q

A short sacred phrase, often chanted or used in meditation.

A

mantra:

23
Q

“ Illusion” what keeps us from seeing reality correctly; the world, viewed inadequately.

A

maya:

24
Q

“ Liberation” from personal limitation, egotism, and rebirth

A

moksha ( mohk’-shah ):

25
Q

The philosophical position that all apparently separate realities are ultimately one; the belief that God and the universe are the same, that the universe is divine.

A

monism:

26
Q

Offerings and ritual in honor of a deity

A

puja (poo’-jah):

27
Q

The “royal” discipline of meditation

A

raja yoga:

28
Q

A god and mythical king; a form of Vishnu

A

Rama:

29
Q

A state of complete inner peace resulting from meditation.

A

samadhi ( suh-mah’-dhee ):

30
Q

The everyday world of change and suffering leading to rebirth

A

samsara ( suhm-sah’-rah ):

31
Q

A wandering holy man

A

sannyasin ( san-nyas’-in ):

32
Q

A god associated with destruction and rebirth.

A

Shiva (shee’-vah):

33
Q

“ Three forms” of the divine— the three gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva

A

Trimurti (tree-mur’-tee):

34
Q

Written meditations on the spiritual essence of the universe and the self.

A

Upanishads (oo-pahn’-i-shads):

35
Q

Four collections of ancient prayers and rituals.

A

Vedas (vay’-duhs):

36
Q

A god associated with preservation and love.

A

Vishnu:

37
Q

A spiritual discipline; a method for perfecting one’s union with the divine

A

yoga:

38
Q

The culture that flourished in the Indus River valley before 2000 BCE is named the _________ culture.

A

b.Harappa

39
Q

The ancient scriptures of India are called the _________. There are four basic text collections: the Rig, the Yajur, the Sama, and the Atharva.

A

c.Vedas

40
Q

Around 500 BCE, Indian civilization experienced such widespread and important changes that the period is called the _________ Age.

A

Axis

41
Q

In the Upanishads, the term _________ refers to the experience of the sacred within nature and the external universe, while _________ refers to the experience of the sacred within oneself. Both terms may be used interchangeably.

A

Brahman; Atman

42
Q

The _________ is part of a very long epic poem called the Mahabharata; it recalls themes from the Upanishads.

A

Bhagavad Gita

43
Q

Hinduism has a(n) _________ system with five main social classes: brahmin (priest), kshatriya (warrior-noble), vaishya (merchant), shudra (peasant), and dalit (untouchable).

A

caste

44
Q

The word yoga means “_________.”

A

union

45
Q

Shankara’s belief that spiritual liberation was achieved when the individual personally came to understand the unity of all things is called _________.

A

monism

46
Q

When linked together, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva are often called the _________.

A

Trimurti

47
Q

Mohandas Gandhi’s use of _________ techniques, including marches, hunger strikes, talks, demonstrations, and publicity, was adopted by Martin Luther King Jr. to help protest racial segregation in the United States.

A

traditional

48
Q

A spiritual community.

A

ashram (ash’-ram)

Rel 133 (4 decks)

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