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RLGN 1320 > hinduism > Flashcards

hinduism Flashcards

0
Q

what are the 3 strands of hinduism

A

WHAT IS THE ANSWER!!!

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1
Q

vedas

A

they go back to 1500bc

  • ppl believe that they are the most sacred of texts
  • they were passed on by memorization
  • there are 4 vedas
  • much of the meaning of the texts was forgotten, but the pronunciation was spot on
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2
Q

vedic (1500-800bc)

A

they had metal weapons

  • they were very nomadic
  • this was considered the most important period
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3
Q

indra

A

the god of war.

  • responsible for the origin of the world
  • was an ashura vritra
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4
Q

vritra

A

enemy of the aryans

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5
Q

agnihotra

A

fire rituals that are done by brahmans twice a day

  • there was a household pot for this
  • it was for the preservation of the sun
  • done on the basis that ppl are the centre of everything, we keep the world running
  • if done, the sun will continue to rise
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6
Q

horse sacrifice (ashvamadha)

A

done by kings

  • they would consecrate a horse
  • then let it go for a year
  • then catch it and bring it to the king to make a sacrifice
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7
Q

world of the fathers

A

the question is “do the fathers live there forever?”

  • you make offerings to live in the world of the fathers, then your relatives make sacrifices for you to live there after you die
  • ppl realized that the world of the fathers must get overpopulated, so therefore ppl must get riencarnated when they die
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8
Q

rita

A

dharma replaced rita

-it is the idea that the world is fragile

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9
Q

sacrifice of the cosmic man

A

man was sacrificed to create the world which eventually developed classes. the face/mouth was the brahman. 3/4 of the man became the heavens and the sky, and the other 1/4 became the earth

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10
Q

4 varnas

A
  1. brahman=priest
  2. kshatrya
    - the military class (kings soldiers)
  3. vaishya
    - cultivators and pastonalists
  4. shudra
    - servants

people said that the varnas werelike different races and should never be mixed

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11
Q

jati/caste

A

means do not marry outside of your class

-there are certain occupations to go along with certain jati’s

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12
Q

untouchables (outcasts or harijans)

A

1/7-1/5th of people are considered to be this

  • they are considered completely impure in every way
  • often they are beggars
  • they are denied rights
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13
Q

upanishads

A

(800-300bc)

-FIND OUT MORE

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14
Q

atman/brahman

A

it is the soul substratum of reality sat cit anada

  • everything that we see is actually an illusion
  • union is envisioned as something that happens at death
  • being liberated in life is highly unlikely
  • reached by meditation and philosophy
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15
Q

moksha

A

means liberation

  • it is a world denying view. the world is characterized by suffering and we want to escape from it
  • it is do someting and get something in return
  • the goal is to obtain liberation
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16
Q

sat, cit, anada

A

brahman is described by sat (real) cit (awake) anada (blissful)

17
Q

epics (make sure to know the whole story and the names)

A

mahabaratha and ramayana
M tells the story of the pandvas and the kauravas, a king had 2 sons, the eldest son was blind so the next son took over, and the younger son had some sons, then both sons of the sons wanted to rule, so they made an agreement that one would go into exile for 13 years, then come back, and when he came back the other ones still did not want to give up their place so there was a war.
R is the story of rama and sita, sita is captured by ravana and taken to sri lanka for revenge on rama

18
Q

kauravas

A

they were the ones that were in exile for 13 years, they were cousins of he pandavas

19
Q

pandavas

A

cousins of the kauravas, they were in rule when the kauravas were in exile

20
Q

rama

A

was a king and the husband of sita

21
Q

sita

A

was a queen and the wife of rama

22
Q

ravana

A

kidnaps sita in order to exact his revenge on rama

23
Q

puranas

A

there are said to be 18 major and 18 minor puranas

  • they are full of myths
  • there are many stories of gods and kings
  • stories about how the universe began
  • and law codes
24
Q

4 Reconciliations

A
  1. manu-the 4 stages of life
  2. bhagavad gita
  3. manga (moksha)
  4. bhakti
25
Q

manu

A

the person who wrote the philisophical text for brahmans that stated taht they should only have 4 stages in life

26
Q

4 stages of life

A

written by manu for the brahmans

  1. student
  2. householder (have a fam and a home)
  3. forrest dweller (live in forest and do rituals with wifey)
  4. samnyasin/renuciant (if you get here without the other stages you will go to hell)
27
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

doing dharma without attachment to the fruit of ones actions

-discussion b\w two beings calles arjuna and krishna (who is an avatar)

28
Q

arjuna

A
  • arjuna is an ahimsa, so not violent
  • he is told that it is his nature to fight
  • because someones dharma done poorly is better than anothers dharma done well
  • arjuna tries to be unattached when he fights in the war because he is against violence
29
Q

krishna

A

an avatar

30
Q

3 margas (moksha)

A

1.janna marhs-knowledge
2.karma marga
3. bhakti marga-the path of devotion
eventually lead to moksha and something with their god or goddess who are the manifestations of brahman

31
Q

vishnu

A

he is a central god

he is the protector and the sustainor

32
Q

avatars

A

means: descent

- there are 10

33
Q

buddha

A

the buddha is an avatar.there were demonic beings that were devoted to the vedic and they were going to destroy the world.so vishnu descended to the world in the form of the buddha and taught buddhist teachings to the demonic beings and then they gave up their devotion to the vedic

34
Q

sarasvati

A

a great goddess who was initially a minor goddess (the river goddess) but then her river dried up and she remained, so she became known in school rituals

35
Q

shiva

A

the destroyer and lord of animals
ppl who worship him are shivates
-he is an outsider
-also is a family man

36
Q

bhrama

A

he is one of the 3 central gods and is the creator

37
Q

lingam

A

the representation of shiva that is used in temples

38
Q

ganesha

A

son of shiva and parvati?? the elephant god that is riding a mouse

39
Q

nirguna brahman

A

brahman without charactaristics

40
Q

saguna brahman

A

brahman with characteristics (gods and goddesses)

41
Q

puja

A

there are 2 kinds of puja, temple and home puja

  • there can be a sculpture that priests wake up and wash it and brush its teeth ad feed it
  • you dont need to go to the temple to get the benifits, you just need to live near and donate
  • through puja, ppl offer something to their god
  • it is a ritual that uses all the senses
  • it is at the heart of a hindu’s faith
  • it does not have to be elaborate, so even poor people can do puja

RLGN 1320 (3 decks)

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