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World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “yuga”?

A

an era within a four age cycle; essential to Hindu Cosmology

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2
Q

What is “Kali Yuga”?

A

the current era; Age of Darkness

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3
Q

When did the Vedic Period occur?

A

1500-500BCE

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4
Q

When did the Epic/Puranic/Classical Age occur?

A

500BCE-500CE

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5
Q

When did the Medieval Period occur?

A

500CE-1500CE

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6
Q

When did the Pre-Modern Period occur?

A

1500-1757CE

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7
Q

When did the British Period occur?

A

1757-1947CE

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8
Q

When did the Independent India era occur?

A

1947CE-Present

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9
Q

What is Dharma

A

one’s social or religious duty

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10
Q

What are rituals?

A

repeated actions

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11
Q

What is Homa?

A

ritual in which one makes offerings to the god(s) in a fire

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12
Q

What is Yajna?

A

“Sacrifice”; ritual of offerings accompanied by mantras

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13
Q

What are Mantras?

A

sound, syllable, word, or group of words ex:”om”

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14
Q

What are Mudras?

A

gestures (hand positioning)

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15
Q

What is Mandalas?

A

a symbol representing the universe

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16
Q

What are Tantric Practices?

A

practices using symbols, rituals, and visions to access spiritual knowledge (knowledge of what is not seen). Also called esoteric

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17
Q

What is puja?

A

a devotional ritual where an offering is given to a deva

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18
Q

What does yoga mean?

A

“to add”, “to join”, “to unite”, “to attach”

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19
Q

What are Yogic Practices?

A

Mental, physical, spiritual practices to attain moksha

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20
Q

What is Bhakti Yoga?

A

Yoga of Devotion

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21
Q

What is Jnana Yoga?

A

Yoga of Knowledge

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22
Q

What is Karma Yoga?

A

Yoga of Action

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23
Q

What is Raja Yoga?

A

Yoga of Meditation

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24
Q

What is Meditation?

A

mental practices aimed at attaining moksha

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25
Q

What are the Vedas?

A

oldest Sanskrit texts of Hinduism; sruti; related to performance

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26
Q

Sruti Texts

A

“that which is heard”; texts accredited to divine revelation

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27
Q

Smirti Texts

A

“that which is remembered”; Epic Texts including the Gita

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28
Q

Samhitas

A

Part of the Vedas; collection of mantras; hymns praising God

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29
Q

Brahmanas

A

Part of the Vedas; discuss sacrificial rituals, prayers

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30
Q

Aranyakas

A

Part of the Vedas; discuss worship and meditation

31
Q

Upanishads

A

Part of the Vedas; Philosophical teachings

32
Q

Dharma Sutras

A

Explanations of other texts regarding Dharma

33
Q

Shastras

A

“rules”; “scriptures”

34
Q

Mahabharata

A

Longest Sanskrit epic; philosophical and devotional themes

35
Q

Bhagavad-Gita

A

Part of Mahabharata; upholds Upanishads; Themes: moksha, dharma, yoga

36
Q

Ramayana

A

Sanskrit epic related to dharma

37
Q

Puranas

A

Hindu texts related to devas, especially the Trimurti

38
Q

Tantras

A

scriptures of esoteric practices

39
Q

Vaishnavism

A

People who primarily worship Vishnu

40
Q

Shaivism

A

People who primarily worship Shiva

41
Q

Smartism

A

People who accept all major Hindu deities as Brahman

42
Q

Shaktism

A

People who primarily worship the Divine Mother (Devi/Shakti)

43
Q

Hare Krishna

A

practice Bhakti Yoga devoted to Krishna

44
Q

Guru

A

Hindu Teacher

45
Q

Hindutva Movement

A

Advocated a “Hindu” Nation

46
Q

Diaspora

A

scattered populations; people living outside original homeland

47
Q

Ramakrishna

A

19th century mystic; proponent of Advaita Vedanta; unity of religions

48
Q

Vivekananda

A

Ramakrishna’s disciple; introduced Vedanta and Yoga to the West

49
Q

Gandhi

A

(1869-1948); Leader of Indian Nationalism

50
Q

Devas

A

gods

51
Q

Henotheism

A

Belief in one god, while accepting the existence of other gods

52
Q

Trimurti

A

Concept that Brahman has three aspects

53
Q

Brahman

A

Unchanging reality, Truth; God; Divinity

54
Q

Devi/Shakti

A

Female aspect of the Divine (Brahman)

55
Q

Brahma

A

Creator God

56
Q

Vishnu

A

Sustainer God

57
Q

Shiva

A

Destroyer God

58
Q

Lakshmi

A

Goddess; Consort of Vishnu

59
Q

Krishna

A

Eighth incarnation of Vishnu; Character in Bhagavad-Gita

60
Q

Ganesha

A

Deity; Remover of obstacles; Depicted as elephant

61
Q

Guna

A

“Qualities”

62
Q

Nirguna

A

God without qualities; Transcendent God

63
Q

Saguna

A

God with qualities; Immanent God

64
Q

Atman

A

True Self

65
Q

Brahman

A

Highest Reality

66
Q

Atman/ Brahman

A

Both atman and brahman are pure consciousness; the same

67
Q

Advaita Vedanta

A

Interpretation from the Upanishads that atman=brahman

68
Q

Karma

A

Action or Deed; Cause of Samsara

69
Q

Samsara

A

Cycle of Birth and Rebirth

70
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation from Samsara; state of endless peace

71
Q

Maya

A

Illusion

72
Q

Reincarnation

A

Being reborn

73
Q

Ahimsa

A

Non-Violence

74
Q

Caste

A

System where a society or religion is divided into classes

World Religions (1 decks)

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