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World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

Atman

A

the eternal Self, which the Upanishads identify with the Brahman; the eternal self or soul of an individual that is reincarnated from one body to the next and is ultimately identified with Atman

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2
Q

Dharma

A

ethical duty based on the divine order of reality; one of the four goals of life

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3
Q

Upanishads

A

a collection of over two hundred tests composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary of the Vedas

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4
Q

Smriti

A

– literally “that which is remembered” are considered man-made including stories, ect.

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5
Q

Sruiti

A

literally “heard” as opposed to learned

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6
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

a short section of the epic poem Mahabharata in which the god Krishna teaches the great warrior Arjuna about bhakti marga and other ways to God; Hinduism’s most popular scared text

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7
Q

Karma

A

the moral law of cause and effect actions; determines the nature of one’s reincarnation

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8
Q

Vedas

A

Hinduism’s oldest and most sacred scriptures; the Books of Mantra, Song, Ritual, and Spell

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9
Q

Rig Veda

A

Book of Mantra: a collection of 1,017 Sanskrit hymns composed about 1500 BC or earlier; Hinduism’s oldest sacred text

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10
Q

Sama Veda

A

Book of Song; liturgical collection of songs used during the Soma sacrifce

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11
Q

Yajur Veda

A

Book of Ritual; serves as a guidebook for priests executing sacrificial acts

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12
Q

Atharva Veda

A

Book of Spell; a collection of charms to curse or bless

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13
Q

Brahman

A

the eternal essence of reality and the source of the universe, beyond the reach of human perception and thought

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14
Q

Samsara

A

the wheel of rebirth or reincarnation; the this-worldly realm in which rebirth occurs

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15
Q

Caste

A

a system to keep social and economic order; fulfill yours and you may advance

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16
Q

Sanskrit

A

primary language of Hinduism

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17
Q

Four Stages of Life

A

-student -householder -forest dweller -sannyesin/wandering ascetic

18
Q

First Stage of Life

A

student; studies the Vedas and other sacred literature

19
Q

Second Stage of Life

A

householder; gets married, pursues a career, raises a family

20
Q

Third Stage of Life

A

forest dweller; retreats from worldly bonds

21
Q

Fourth Stage of Life

A

sannyesin/wandering ascetic; renounces physical pleasures and worldly attachments for the sake of spiritual advancement; can be in society but in a different way

22
Q

First Stage of Life (woman)

A

Girlhood; Educated by parents primarily in domestic skills and their role in religious rituals

23
Q

Second Stage of Life (woman)

A

Marriage; Wife goes to live with her husband’s family; Defers to her mother-in-law in all things; Dharma to be a good wife and share her husband’s karma

24
Q

Third Stage of Life (woman)

A

Widowhood; Marked by her husband’s death; burns with her husband or becomes a disgraced widow

25
Q

Four Goals of Life

A

Dharma, Kama, Artha, Moksha

26
Q

First Goal of Life

A

Dharma: To live fulfilling your dharma

27
Q

Second Goal of Life

A

Kama; Sexual desire, pleasure, and love (importance of bearing children)

28
Q

Third Goal of Life

A

Artha; Material success, wealth, and power (statecraft) maintain social order and prevent anarchy

29
Q

Fourth Goal of Life

A

Moksha;To reach the final goal of life, liberation from rebirth; One must give up the other 3 goals; 3 yogas used to reach moksha

30
Q

Puja Ceremony

A

•Bathe the linga with a sacred substance (milk, honey) •Powders, flowers, ritual dress •Engages all the senses •Bell ringing to awaken the spirit •Incense symbolizes spirited life •Music and singing •Fire is the presence of the divine •Water is the elixir of life – sustains, refreshes, and purifies the body •Flowers and food reinforces that in giving, one recieves

31
Q

5 Castes

A

-brahmin -kshatriya -vaishya -shudra -untouchables

32
Q

brahmin

A

the highest of four cleases of the caste system, made up of priests

33
Q

kshatriya

A
  • the 2nd of the 4 classes of the caste system, made up of warriors, and administrators
34
Q

vaishya

A

the 3rd of the 4 classes of the caste system of the caste system, made up of producers, such as farmers, merchants, and artisans

35
Q

shudra

A

the lowest of the 4 classes of the caste system, made of servants and laborors

36
Q

outcasts or untouchables

A

outside of society; beggars

37
Q

Three Margas

A

-karma marga -jnana marga -bhakti marga

38
Q

karma marga

A

Way of Action: Followed to a degree by all Hindus as they follow their dharma; Pujas, pilgrimages;Identify the whole of life in service to others

39
Q

jnana marga

A

Way of Wisdom: Living in such a way that one’s very life expresses the truth of the Brahman and Atman; Dis-identify ones self from the body, mind, and senses until they are only the self

40
Q

bhakti marga

A

Way of Devotion:All things are done with faith and devotion to one’s personal god; Worship their chosen deity as the supreme god, but do not deny the reality of other gods;Identify themselves completely with the Lord in love

World Religions (3 decks)

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