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World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

arati

A

Worship with light, involving the waving of a lamp in front of the deity

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2
Q

atman

A

The eternal self or soul that is successively reincarnated until released from samsara through moksha

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3
Q

avatar

A

A “descent” of God (usually Vishnu) to earth in a physical form with the specific goal of aiding the world

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4
Q

bhakti marga

A

the path of devotion

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5
Q

Brahman

A

“Expanse” For monistic Hinduism, the supreme, unitary reality, the ground of all beings; for dualistic Hinduism, Brahman can refer to the supreme God

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6
Q

brahmin

A

A member of the priestly class of the varna or caste system

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7
Q

dalit

A

“Oppressed” Self-designation of people who had traditionally been classified as untouchables or outcast

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8
Q

darshan

A

“to see” : Worship through simultaneously seeing and being seen by a deity in the presence of its image

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9
Q

dharma

A

duty, righteousness, “religion;” basis for living in a way that upholds the cosmic and social order

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10
Q

hindutva

A

“Hindu-ness” : A modern term that encompasses the ideology of Hindu nationalism

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11
Q

jati

A

“Birth group” : One of thousands of endogamous groups or subcastes, each equal in social and ritual status

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12
Q

jnana marga

A

The path of knowledge

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13
Q

Karma

A

Action; also the consequences of action

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14
Q

karma marga

A

The path of ethical and ritual works, or “action”

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15
Q

Kshatriya

A

A member of the warrior and Administrator class

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16
Q

mantra

A

“sacred utterance” : A ritual formula recited to produce a spiritual effect

17
Q

Maya

A

“Magic” or “Illusion” : In the Vedas, the magical power the gods used to create this world; in Vedanta philosophy, illusion that veils the mind

18
Q

Moksha

A

“release” : Liberation, the final release from samsara

19
Q

OM

A

A-U-M : The primordial sound through which the universe is manifested

20
Q

puja

A

“Worship” - Generally, worship; usually the offering before an image of the deity of fruit, incense, or flowers

21
Q

Purana

A

“ancient” : a compendium of myth, usually with a sectarian emphasis

22
Q

Samsara

A

The continuing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth; also the this-worldly realm in which the cycle recurs

23
Q

Sannyasi

A

renouncer in the fourth stage (Ashrama) of life

24
Q

Shaiva

A

A devotee of Shiva

25
Q

Shakta

A

A devotee of the great goddess Devi

26
Q

Shruti

A

“That which is heard” : term denoting the category of Vedic literature accepted by orthodox Hindus as revealed truth

27
Q

Shudra

A

A member of the servant class of the varna or caste system

28
Q

smriti

A

“tradition” : term denoting the vast category of Hindu sacred texts that is not shruti

29
Q

Tantra

A

“loom” : System of ideas and practices that potentiate sudden liberation from samsara; also a form of sacred text detailing the ideas and practices

30
Q

Upanishad

A

“sitting down near[a teacher]” a philosophical text from the later period of Vedic literature, also called Vedanta (End of the Vedas)

31
Q

Vaishnava

A

A devotee of Vishnu and his avatars

32
Q

vaishya

A

A member of the producer (farmer and merchant) class of the varna or caste system

33
Q

varna

A

Caste or class; the four main classes form the basis of the traditional hierarchical organization of Hindu society

34
Q

Vedanta

A

“end of the vedas” : Synonym for Upanishads

35
Q

Vedas

A

“Knowlege” : Broadly, all Vedic literature; narrowly, four ancient collections (samhitas) of hymns and other religious material

36
Q

Yoga

A

“Yoking” or “uniting” : Generally, uniting of the self with God; sometimes used as an alternative to marga when referring to the three main paths to liberation; also one of the six philosophical schools, focussing on moral, physical, and spiritual practices leading to leberation

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