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VETA 55 Hindlimb and Thoracic Cavity > Hindlimb Bones Horse > Flashcards

Hindlimb Bones Horse Flashcards

1
Q

4 Divisions of the Horse’s hindlimb

A
  1. Hip
  2. Thigh (stifle joint)
  3. Leg/Gaskin/Shin (hock joint)
  4. Pes
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2
Q

Hip is termed as os coxae or _____

A

aitchbone

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3
Q
  • largest flat bone of the body
  • 3 parts
     ilium
     ischium
     pubis
A

Hip

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4
Q

What are the 3 major parts of a horse’s hipbone?

A
  1. tuber sacrale
  2. tuber coxae
  3. tuber ischium
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5
Q

Highest point of hindlimb. Measures the croup. Found in dorsal and median. os sacrum is the nearest bone articulated here.

A

Tuber sacrale

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6
Q

Project lateral for muscle attachment. (balakang in humans)

A

tuber coxae

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7
Q

Part of the buttocks of a horse. found caudally.

A

tuber ischium

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8
Q

An articulated depression where 3 parts (Ilium, Ischium, pubis) produce a joint investiture. Head of femur articulates here.

A

Acetabulum cotyloid cavity

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9
Q

os coxae of both sides

A

pelvic girdle

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10
Q

Makes up the pelvic cavity. Also called bony pelvis. (3)

A

includes:
 pelvic girdle
 sacrum
 coccygeals/caudal vertebra 1 & 2

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11
Q

the bony pelvis is described as having: (5)

A

 a root
 a floor
 lateral walls
 an entrance
 an exit

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12
Q

In horse, wings of the ilium has a ____ while dogs don’t. it serves as attachment for gluteal muscles in horse.

A

gluteal line

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13
Q

Mare hipbone characteristics (3)

A

 walls of the pubis is thin
 pubic floor is concave
 pelvic outlet is large

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14
Q

Stallion hipbone characteristics (3)

A

 pubis is thick medially
 pubic floor is convex
 pelvic outlet is small

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15
Q

Longest bone in the thighs. also has ____ shelf.
3rd trochanter is present

A

femur
patellar shelf

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16
Q

2 trochlea of the femur. which is bigger?

A

lateral and medial trochlear ridge.
medial one is bigger

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17
Q

Also called shin or legbone or gaskin

A

tibia and fibula

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18
Q

This articular structure of fibula is fused with tibia.

A

lateral malleolus

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19
Q

TRUE or FALSE
fibula is reduced to a head and shaft only

A

true

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20
Q

large sesamoid bone which develops at the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. It articulates with the trochlea of the femur. Describe its shape

A

Patella
Triangular in shape

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21
Q

What do you call the 2 surfaces of patella. which surface is associated with patellar shelf.

A

Anterior (convex)
Articular (associated with patellar shelf)

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22
Q

Parts of the patella. (4)

A

 2 surfaces: anterior and articular
 two borders: medial and lateral
 Base – proximal
 Apex – distal

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23
Q

What makes up the Pes (3)

A

 Tarsus
 Metatarsus
 Digits (Phalanges)

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24
Q

How many tarsal bones does a horse have? what are they?

A

6
Talus (tibial tarsal), calcaneus (fibular tarsal), Central tarsal, 1st/2nd tarsal bone, 3rd tarsal bone, 4th tarsal bone

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25
Q

this part of the tarsus has very large trochlea found in dorsal surface.

A

talus

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26
Q

___ and ____ tarsal bone is found lateral to the hock.

A

3rd and 4th

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27
Q

keratinized tissue surrounding the coffin bone

A

hoof

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28
Q

Hoof is formed by what 4 bones

A

o Distal part of the 2nd phalanx
o 3rd phalanx
o navicular bone
o lateral cartilages

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29
Q

3 parts of the hoof

A
  • wall
  • sole
  • frog
30
Q

 bulb
 linea alba

A

hoof wall

31
Q

makes up the hoof sole (2)

A
  1. body
  2. crus
32
Q

makes up the hoof frog (4)

A

 apex
 lateral collateral sulcus
 median sulcus
 medial ridge

33
Q

a modified vascular structure that nourishes the horny parts of the hoof

A

corium or matrix

34
Q

corium limbi/stratum limitans

A

periople

35
Q

corium coronae

A

wall

36
Q

laminar matrix/corium parietis

A

horny laminae

37
Q

solar matrix/corium soleae

A

sole

38
Q

cuneate matrix

A

frog

39
Q

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges)
ovoid/elongate, shorter shaft, flatter
narrow proximal extremity

A

forelimb

40
Q

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges)
cylindrical and longer shaft
wider proximal extremity

A

hindlimb

41
Q

true or false
lateral articular surface are larger than the medial articular surface because the weight is thrown inwards

A

False
Medial articular surface are larger than the lateral because the weight is thrown inwards

42
Q

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges)
- palmar surface of the hoof is flat
- hoof margin is more pointed
- hoof angulation is more acute (more closed angle

A

hindlimb

43
Q

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges)
- Palmar surface of the hoof is concave
- Hoof margin is smoothly curved
- Hoof angulation is less acute (more opened angle)

A

forelimb

44
Q

Articular surface is crescentic deeply cut into medially by the acetabular notch and fossa. Acetabulum + femur head

A

Hip joint

45
Q

4 ligaments comprising the hipjoint

A
  • Cotyloid ligament
  • Transverse acetabular ligament
  • Round ligament
  • Accessory ligament
46
Q

ligament that is attached to the bony margin. this bony margin is attached to the cotyloid cavity

A

Cotyloid ligament

47
Q

ligament that crosses the acetabular notch

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

48
Q

short strong band which attaches to the subpubic groove close to the notch, passes outward and ends at the notch in the head of the femur

A

Round ligament

49
Q

(only in Equidae) detached form the prepubic tendon of the abdominal muscle directed outward, backward, and upward, passing through the acetabular notch dorsal to the transverse ligament and ends behind the round ligament in notch of the head of the femur

A

Accessory ligament

50
Q

prevents horse to do side kick. branch of pre pubic tendon that pulls back the head of femur

A

Accessory ligament

51
Q

Stifle joint is composed of 4 participation bones. what are they?

A
  1. femur
  2. patella
  3. tibia
  4. fibula
52
Q
  • largest and most elaborate joint of the body
  • two articulations
     femoropatellar joint
     femorotibial joint
A

Stifle joint

53
Q

3 ligaments of stifle joint

A

Medial collateral/patellar ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Middle patellar ligament

54
Q

attached above the patellar fibro-cartilage
and ends on the tuberosity of the tibia at the medial side of the groove. attach the patella to the femur.

A

Medial collateral/patellar ligament

55
Q

extends from the lateral part of the anterior surface of the patella to the lateral part of the tuberosity of the tibia

A

Lateral collateral ligament

56
Q

extends from the front of the apex of the patella to the distal part of the groove on the tuberosity of the tibia

A

Middle patellar ligament

57
Q

Medial trochlear ridge serves as the hook where patella locks due to this ligament

A

Medial femoral patellar ligament

58
Q

what action of the thigh muscles and hips helps the patella to unlock/unhook?

A

flexion of the thighs and extension of the hips

59
Q

tarsal joint is also called ___

A

composite joint

60
Q

what are the 3 joints composing the tarsal joint

A

 Tarsocrural joint (ginglymus joint – gliding joint)
 Intertarsal joint
 Tarsometatarsal joint

61
Q

4 ligaments composing the tarsal joints

A

lateral, medial, short collateral, and long plantar ligaments

62
Q

ligament from tibia to 4th tarsal bone

A

lateral collateral ligament

63
Q

from tibia to 1st and 2nd tarsal bone

A

medial collateral ligament

64
Q

ligament that Occupies plantar surface of the hook caudal surface.

A

long plantar ligament

65
Q

what is it called when the region in long plantar ligament is inflamed

A

curb

66
Q

3 types of spavin

A

blood, bog, bone

67
Q

this spavin has varicose veins and is proximal to the talus

A

blood spavin

68
Q

after blood spavin, this happens next and would form exudates.

A

bog spavin

69
Q

most distal spavin and would form callus

A

bone spavin

70
Q

location of the 3 spavins and what is the location called

A

found in the dorsal surface of the hock/talus
called seat of spavin

71
Q

associated with the seat of spavin. medial branch of tibialis cranialis. tenotomy can be performed in this to treat spavin in horses.

A

cunean tendon

VETA 55 Hindlimb and Thoracic Cavity (1 decks)

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