Highlighted Notes Flashcards
Mass in the International System (S.I) is the _______
kilogram (kg)
1 slug = ______
14.59 kg
1 lb = _____
1 lb = 4.49 N
Mass for Metric and imperial are:
and how are they related
Metric = kg
imperial = slug
1 kg = 14.59 kg
1 Bar = psi??? and Pascals ???
1 Bar = 14.5 psi = 100,000 Pascal
A force is one kind of vector.
A vector is a quantity that has both ____ and _____
Size (magnitude) and Direction
Forces are measured in the ______ in the imperial system and the _____ in the metric system.
Forces are measured in the pound (lbs) in the imperial system and the Newton (N) in the metric system.
As we have seen, mass is the quantity of matter, determined by the number of ______and _____in the body, and weight is a measure of the _______ of the earth on the quantity og matter.
As we have seen, mass is the quantity of matter, determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the body, and weight is a measure of the gravitational pull of the earth on the quantity og matter.
Mass depends upon the amount of _____.
Weight depends upon the ____ and the amount of _____.
Mass depends upon the amount of matter.
Weight depends upon the mass and the amount of gravity.
Physicists and engineers measure masses of bodies in _____, or ______
and weight in _____or _____.
Physicists and engineers measure masses of bodies in slugs, or kilograms
and weight in pounds or newtons.
The equation for weight
w =
w = (mass)(gravity)
Mass in Kg or slugs (1 kg = 14.59 slugs)
Gravity in 9.81 m/s^2 or 32 lbs / slug
A moment is equal to _____times _____
A moment is equal to Force times distance
100 mm = m?
100mm = 0.1m
A couple is a ____of ____of magnitude F (same)
A couple is a pair of forces of magnitude F
Calculating 2 forces by radial length to fulcrum each separately is the same as just multiplying ______ by the ____to the other force
Calculating 2 forces by radial length to fulcrum each separately is the same as just multiplying 1 force by the distance to the other force
tow =
tow = Fd sin (theta)
where F = force applied to wrench
d = distance of extension
sin(theta) =angle between the 2
Scale reading =
Scale reading = (specified torque)( L / L + X)
L = distance between the driving tang and the centre of the handle
X = length of extension of spanner between
The exact location of the C of G range is specified for each type of aircraft in the ________
The exact location of the C of G range is specified for each type of aircraft in the flight manual
What is the formula for CG =
and what should be noted in relation to this?
CG = Total moment / total mass
positive moments refer to aft of datum while negative moments are forward of datum
In evaporation and boiling the _____ kinetic energy molecules can ‘______’ from the attractive forces of the other liquid particles. The particles lose any order and become completely free. Energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces in the liquid and is taken in from the surroundings (called what? heat taken in from surroundings)
In evaporation and boiling the highest kinetic energy molecules can ‘escape’ from the attractive forces of the other liquid particles. The particles lose any order and become completely free. Energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces in the liquid and is taken in from the surroundings
Endothermic
n = in
Reactions:
Where heat is taken in from surroundings is called ______
Where heat is lost to surroundings is called _____
Where heat is taken in from surroundings is called Endothermic ( n = in )
Where heat is lost to surroundings is called (Exothermic = exit)
Boiling is rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature called the __________ and requires continuous addition of heat (What type of reaction?). Evaporation takes place more slowly at any temperature between melting point and boiling point and results in the liquid becoming _____.
Boiling is rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature called the boiling point and requires continuous addition of heat. Evaporation takes place more slowly at any temperature between melting point and boiling point and results in the liquid becoming cooler.
Type of reaction = Endothermic
In terms of states of matter
Evaporation is:
Condensation is:
melting is:
what type of reaction is each (exo or endo)
Evaporation is a liquid to a gas - Endothermic
Condensation is a gas to a liquid - Exothermic
Melting is a solid to a liquid - Endothermic
On cooling, gas particles _____ kinetic energy and eventually become attracted to form a liquid. There is an increase in order as the particles are much closer together and can form clumps of molecules. The process requires heat to be lost to the surroundings (called what type of reaction?)
On cooling, gas particles lose kinetic energy and eventually become attracted to form a liquid. There is an increase in order as the particles are much closer together and can form clumps of molecules. The process requires heat to be lost to the surroundings
Exothermic
When a solid is heated the particles _____ more strongly and the particle attractive forces are weakened. Eventually,called the _____ point
What type of reaction?
When a solid is heated the particles vibrate more strongly and the particle attractive forces are weakened. Eventually, called the melting point
Endothermic
Freezing
On cooling, liquid particles ____ kinetic energy and become more strongly attracted to each other. Eventually at the freezing point the forces of attraction are sufficient to remove any remaining freedom and the particles come together to form the ordered solid arrangement. Since heat must be removed to the surroundings freezing is an ________ process
Freezing
On cooling, liquid particles lose kinetic energy and become more strongly attracted to each other. Eventually at the freezing point the forces of attraction are sufficient to remove any remaining freedom and the particles come together to form the ordered solid arrangement. Since heat must be removed to the surroundings freezing is an exothermic process
Sometimes solids can become gases without ever becoming liquids. This is called ______
Sublimation ( Solid to gas)
When a gas becomes a solid without going through the liquid phase, it is called ______
Deposition
Explain Sublimation and Deposition in terms of states of matter
What does the unit ‘in Hg’ mean in terms of atmospheric pressure?
inches of mercury
1 mb = ? hPa
1 mb = 1 hPa
m = milibar
1 bar = ? Pa
1 bar = 100,000 Pa
The layer that extends upwards from the earth’s surface for 7.5 miles is called the _______
Troposphere
At a cabin altitude of _______ feet, the passengers and crew can ride in relative comfort without any special oxygen supply. Planes which fly at much higher altitudes than ________ feet must be furnished with a special atmosphere control system.
At a cabin altitude of 8,000 feet, the passengers and crew can ride in relative comfort without any special oxygen supply. Planes which fly at much higher altitudes than 8,000 feet must be furnished with a special atmosphere control system.
Can an absolute pressure reading ever be less than 0?
A guage on a pressurized air cylinder measures the pressure above the ambient atmospheric pressure.
Ths relative pressure is called?
Gauge Pressure
Is the actual pressure exerted on the walls of a cylinder gas:
- Pabs
- Patm
- or Pg
Pabs
Absolute pressure
What is the equation for pressure at the bottom of a body? (i.e a glass of water)
HIGHEST PRESSURE (E.G PRESSURE AT BOTTOM OF BODY OF WATER ETC)
What can hold more water vapour?
Warm air or Cold air
Warm air
Warm air can hold more water vapour than cold air. In general, the air is rarely saturated, containing only a fraction of the possible water vapour.
What is Absolute humidity?
Absolute humidity is the measure of water vapour in air, regardless of temperature.
It is a measure of the mass of vapour contained within a parcel of air.
What is Relative Humidity?
Relative humidity = amount of water vapour in air / how much water vapour it can actually hold
at a given temperature
Relative humidity gives the ratio of how much moisture the air is holding to how much moisture it could hold at a given temperature.
What is Dew point?
The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor
_____ air holds more moisture
Warm air holds more moisture
Given Pressure and Area, how would you calculate Force?
Force = (Pressure)(Area)
Pressure =
(equation)
Pressure = Force / Area
Describe the relationship between the distance the piston moves to the area of the piston, given such an example as the picture
The distances the pistons move is inversely proportional to the areas of the pistons
What are the 5 basic components of a fluid power system
- Reservoir or receiver
- Pump or compressor
- Lines (pipes, tubing, or flexible hose)
- Directional control valve
- Actuating Device
10 MPa
Recall:
area of circle = (pi)(r)2
Note question gives diameter not radius
1.2 lbs, right
2,000 lbs
3,000 psi
189 kPa
11 atm
Atmospheric pressure = 101,000 Pa
Density of water 1000 kg/m^3
A body submerged in a liquid displaces a volume of water equal to …
its own volume
Relative density also determines the proportion of a floating body that will be submerged in a fluid.
If the body is two thirds as dense as the fluid, then ________ will be submerged
This will displace in the process a volume of fluid whose weight is ______
If the body is two thirds as dense as the fluid, then 2/3s of the volume of the body will be submerged
This will displace in the process a volume of fluid whose weight is equal to the entire weight of the body
Specific gravity = density of substance / density of water
Specific gravity = relative density
Specific gravity of a substance is a convenient measure of its relative density compared to water
Given this table, how would you find out if something floats or sinks in water?
Specific gravity /Relative density = density substance / density water
If value is greater than 1, it sinks
If value is less than 1, it floats
What percentage of an iceberg is below the surface of the ocean?
89% (92%)
Recall: Relative density also determines the proportion of a floating body that will be submerged in a fluid. If the body is two thirds as dense as the fluid, then two thirds of its volume will be submerged, displacing in the process a volume of fluid whose weight is equal to the entire weight of the body .
Speciric gravity/relative density = yoke/ water
274 lbs
Recall: volume water = 1000 kg/m3 or 62.4 lbs / ft3
Also note: The weight of a volume of water displaced by a body is equal to the entire weight of the body
When a body is moving in a straight line with constant speed it is ______________
not accelerating
A body accelerates if (what 2 conditions)
its speed is changing or it is changing direction
(vector)
312 ft
32 ft/s
All kinetic equations derived from:
a = (v-u ) / (t)
s = (Vav)(t)
200 ft/s
All you need to derive any kinetic equation is:
a = (v - u) / t
s = ((v+u)/2)(t)
What is the equation for the length (s) travelled along a circular path (arc)?
s = R(theta)
where = arc distance
R = Radius
theta = angle of the arc
How do you calculate tangential velocity?
v = R(w)
where v = tangential velocity
R = radius
w = angular velocity
