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Question 1

1) What is the primary site of metabolism?
2) Via what?
3) What phase of metabolism is this?

Answer 1

1) Liver
2) CYP P450 isoenzymes
3) Phase I

Question 2

1) What is the mnemonic to remember the strongest inducers?
2) What is the mnemonic to remember the strongest inhibitors?
3) Is this an element of pharmacokinetics or dynamics?

*(this is on EVERY EXAM)

Answer 2

1) PS PORCS
2) G PACMAN
3) Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

What are the strongest inducers?

*(this is on EVERY EXAM)

Answer 3

Phenytoin
Smoking
Phenobarbital
Oxcarbazepine
Rifampin (and rifabutin / rifapentine)
Carbamazepine
St. John’s Wort

PS PORCS

Question 4

What are the strongest inhibitors?

*(this is on EVERY EXAM)

Answer 4

Grapefruit
PIs (protease inhibitors)
Azoles
C–cyclosporin & cimetidine
Macrolides –not azithromycin
Amiodarone (and dronedarone)
Non-DHP CCBs (diltiazem and verapamil)

G PACMAN

Question 5

List the drugs that increase AQ humor outflow

Answer 5

1) Prostaglandin analogs
2) Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)
3) Brimonidine (Alphagan P)
4) Netarsudil (Rhopressa)

Question 6

1) What is the max adult dose of APAP per day?
2) What abt ibuprofen per day?

Answer 6

1) 4000mg
2) 200-400mg every 4-6 hours as needed (1200mg)

Question 7

Why do children start taking adult doses at age 12?

Answer 7

Your liver fully matures

Question 8

FDA requires manufacturers to include a boxed warning on acetaminophen products that addresses its potential to cause ___________________

Answer 8

hepatotoxicity

Question 9

1) Acetaminophen is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system to a hepatotoxic intermediate metabolite that is detoxified by ____________________
2) May be treated with activated charcoal or __________________ to supplement it.

Answer 9

1) glutathione (Phase II conjugation)
2) acetylcysteine

Question 10

Core body temperature is controlled by the _________________ and regulated by a feedback system involving information transmitted between the thermoregulatory center in the anterior hypothalamus and the thermosensitive neurons in the skin and central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

______________ , either exogenous or endogenous, are fever-producing substances that activate the body’s host defenses, resulting in an increase in the set point

Answer 11

Pyrogens

Question 12

Fever is treated w what?

Answer 12

APAP or ibuprofen (or alternate both)

Question 13

Adverse effects associated with cholinergic blockage include what 5 things?

Answer 13

1) Dryness of the eyes and mucous membranes (mouth, nose, vagina)
2) Blurred vision
3) Urinary hesitancy and retention
4) Constipation
5) Reflex tachycardia