Higher, Faster, Stronger Flashcards
Scalar
Has only a magnitude
Vector
Has a magnitude and a direction
Uniform Acceleration
Acceleration is constant throughout, we can use SUVAT to work out
SUVAT (no S)
v=u+at
SUVAT (no U)
s=vt-1/2at^2
SUVAT (no V)
s=ut+1/2at^2
SUVAT (no A)
s=(u+v)/2*t
SUVAT (no T)
v^2=u^2+2as
Newton’s First Law
Every body continues in a state or rest or uniform motion (constant velocity) unless a resultant force acts on it
Newton’s Second Law
F=ma
Newton’s Third Law
If object A exerts a force on object B then object B will exert and equal and opposite force on object A (every action has an equal and opposite reaction)
Displacement Time Graphs
Gradient is velocity
Force Pairs
- forces acting on the same object
- equal in size (same magnitude)
- act in the same line of action
- opposite in direction
- of the same type (e.g. both electrostatic or gravitational)
Equilibrium
the net force equals zero
Elastic
Stretch when put under tension and return to original shape/size when load removed
Strong
Require a large tension to break them
Hooke’s Law on a graph
- must pass through the origin
- are linear with a constant gradient
Hooke’s Law
Force is proportional to extension so there must be a constant ‘k’ which is stiffness
Limit of proportionality
Where the graph showing Hooke’s Law starts to significantly deviate
Kinetic Energy
energy an object has because of movement
Potential Energy
energy a body has due to its position or arrangement (height - gravitational)
Elastic energy from a graph
area under a force extension graph
When is using SUVAT suitable?
only when the acceleration is constant
What are the base units?
- Length [m]
- Mass [kg]
- Time [s]
- Current [A]
- Temperature [K]
- Amount [mol]
Giga
G x10^9
Mega
M x10^6
Kilo
k x10^3
Milli
m x10^-3
Micro
μ x10^-6
Nano
n x10^-9
Pico
p x10^-12
Gravity
9.81 m/s^2
Non-uniform acceleration
unequal changes in equal intervals of time
Conservation of momentum
total momentum before = total momentum after (as long as no external forces act on them)
Elastic collision
- 2 objects collide and move apart in two directions
- momentum is conserved
- kinetic energy is conserved
Inelastic collision
- 2 objects collide and stick together (same direction)
- kinetic energy is not conserved (some has been lost) this is most collisions
Moment
total clockwise moment = total anticlockwise moment
Types of Energy
- light
- thermal
- sound
- kinetic
- chemical potential
- elastic potential
- gravitational potential
- nuclear
- electrical
Conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred
Waste energy
is generally given out as heat and light which dissipates to the surroundings
What does the stiffness depend on?
- material thickness
- material length
- material itself
Projectiles
objects that are thrown or launched into the air and are subject to gravity
Projectile motion
curved path that an object follows when thrown/launched
Work done
equals energy transferred
