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Physiology > Higher Centers (S2-M) > Flashcards

Higher Centers (S2-M) Flashcards

1
Q

The central canal of the spinal cord continues through the caudal half of the medulla and then opens up into the wide cavity of the fourth ventricle at what point?

A

Obex

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2
Q

The rostral part of the medulla occupies the______ of the fourth ventricle.

A. Roof
B. Floor

A

B. Floor

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3
Q

The tela choroidea, choroid plexus and the cerebellum forms what border of the fourth ventricle?

A

Roof

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4
Q

What makes up the pyramidal tracts?

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

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5
Q

What obliterates the fissure of the extreme caudal end of the medulla

A

Decussation of pyramids

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6
Q

What grooves can be found at the lateral aspect of the medulla?

A

Ventrolateral sulcus and dorsolateral sulcus

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7
Q

What cranial nerve exits the ventrolateral sulcus?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII-12)

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8
Q

Glossopharyngeal, Vagus and Accessory nerve emerge through what sulcus?

A

Dorsolateral sulcus

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9
Q

A swelling found between ventrolateral and dorsolateral sulcus of the medulla

A

Olive

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10
Q

Ridge found between dorsal median and dorsal intermediate sulci

A

Fasciculus gracilis

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11
Q

Ridge found between dorsal intermediate and dorsolateral sulci

A

Fasciculus cuneatus

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12
Q

Marks the site of termination of nucleus gracilis

A

Clava

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13
Q

Marks the termination of nucleus cuneatus

A

Cuneate tubercle

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14
Q

Lateral ridges on the floor of the fourth ventricle

A

Vagal trigone

Indicates also the location of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

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15
Q

Medial ridges on the floor of the fourth ventricle

A

Hypoglossal trigone

Indicates also the site of the hypoglossal nucleus

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16
Q

Ridge on the posterior aspect of pons formed by fibers PASSING TOWARD THE CEREBELLUM

A

Striae medullares of the fourth ventricle

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17
Q

The landmark/site where foramen of Luschka allows CSF to flow into the subarachnoid space

A

Lateral recesses

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18
Q

A single midline opening in the obex where CSF leaves the ventricle

A

Foramen of Magendie

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19
Q

A shallow furrow that extends along the midline of the pons and coincides with the course of the basilar artery

A

Basal sulcus

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20
Q

Cranial nerve that exits the inferior pontine sulcus at the caudal border of the pons

A

Abducent nerve (CN VI-6)

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21
Q

Transverse fibers of the pons that converge to form compact LATERAL bundles

A

Brachia pontis (middle cerebella peduncles

22
Q

Cranial nerves that emerges from the cerebellopontine angle

A

Facial nerve (CN VII-7) and Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII-8)

23
Q

Cranial nerve that penetrates the brachium pontis near the lateral surface of the pons

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V-5)

24
Q

A triangular area at the posterior surface of pons which forms the rostral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle contains what junction and recess?

A

Ponto-medullary junction and lateral recess

25
Q

What cranial nerves crosses and forms the facial colliculus

A

Abducens nucleus (CN VI-6) and fibers of Facial nerve (CN VII-7)

Facial colliculus lies rostral to the lateral recess in the floor of the ventricle

26
Q

A structure connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricle that transverses the midbrain longitudinally

A

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

27
Q

Cerebral peduncles are also known as…

A

Crura cerebri

28
Q

What separates the crura cerebri?

A

Interpeduncular fossa

29
Q

What cranial nerve skirts around the cerebral peduncles?

A

Optic nerve

30
Q

What cranial nerve exits from the sides of the interpeduncular fossa and emerge on the surface of transverse groove between the pons and midbrain

A

Occulomotor nerve (CN III-3)

31
Q

What is the posterior surface of the midbrain, and what are the elevations found here?

A

Tectum

Corpora quadrigemina

32
Q

What cranial nerve emerges from the posterior surface just behind the inferior colliculi after decussating in the anterior medullary velum?

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV-4)

33
Q

Identify the branchiomeric muscles, derived from pharyngeal arches

A 
Muscle of the:
Jaw
Facial expression
Pharynx
Larynx
34
Q

What type (functional classification) of nerve fibers innervate the branchiomeric muscles?

A

Special visceral efferent (SVE)

35
Q

What are the somatic musculature of the head?

A

Tongue and eye muscles

36
Q

What cranial nerves contain GSE fibers?

A

Occulomotor (CN III-3)
Trochlear (CN IV-4)
Facial (CN VI-6)
Hypoglossal (CN XII-12)

37
Q

What are the order of the cell columns(nuclei) from medial to lateral formed by the cranial nerves?

A 
GSE,
GVE,
SVE,
GVA,
SVA,
GSA,
SSA
38
Q

What fibers of the cranial nerves are GVE?

A

Occulomotor (CN III-3)
Facial (CN VII-7)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9)
Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus(CN X-10)

39
Q

What cranial nerves compose the parasympathetic cranial nerve nuclei?

A

Facial (CN VII-7)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9)
Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus(CN X-10)
Occulomotor (CN III-3)

40
Q

What cranial nerves consist of the lateral SVE nuclei and supply the branchiomeric muscles

A

Trigeminal (CN V-5)
Facial (CN VII-7)

Nucleus ambiguus:
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9)
Vagus (CN X-10)
Accessory (CN XI-11)

41
Q

Where does the Visceral afferent fibers terminate in the midbrain?

A

Nucleus of the tractus solitarius

42
Q

What cranial nerve fibers are GVA?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X-10)

43
Q

What cranial nerves are special afferent?

A

Facial (CN VII-7)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9)
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII-8)

44
Q

What cranial nerves are GSA?

A

Trigeminal (CN V-5)
Facial (CN VII-7)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9)

45
Q

What cranial nerves are derived from the metencephalon?

A

Cranial nerves 3,4,5,6,7

46
Q

What cranial nerves are derived from the myelencephalon?

A

CN 9,10,12

47
Q

What cranial nerve is derived from the mesencephalon?

48
Q

The vermis influences which part of the body?

A

The axial body

49
Q

The intermediate zone of the cerebellum influences which part of the body?

A

The upper and lower extremities

50
Q

The lateral zone is essential for what function?

A

Appropriate timing and sequencing

Physiology (3 decks)

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