Higher Centers (S2-M)

Question 1

The central canal of the spinal cord continues through the caudal half of the medulla and then opens up into the wide cavity of the fourth ventricle at what point?

Answer 1

Obex

Question 2

The rostral part of the medulla occupies the______ of the fourth ventricle.

A. Roof
B. Floor

Answer 2

B. Floor

Question 3

The tela choroidea, choroid plexus and the cerebellum forms what border of the fourth ventricle?

Answer 3

Roof

Question 4

What makes up the pyramidal tracts?

Answer 4

Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

Question 5

What obliterates the fissure of the extreme caudal end of the medulla

Answer 5

Decussation of pyramids

Question 6

What grooves can be found at the lateral aspect of the medulla?

Answer 6

Ventrolateral sulcus and dorsolateral sulcus

Question 7

What cranial nerve exits the ventrolateral sulcus?

Answer 7

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII-12)

Question 8

Glossopharyngeal, Vagus and Accessory nerve emerge through what sulcus?

Answer 8

Dorsolateral sulcus

Question 9

A swelling found between ventrolateral and dorsolateral sulcus of the medulla

Answer 9

Olive

Question 10

Ridge found between dorsal median and dorsal intermediate sulci

Answer 10

Fasciculus gracilis

Question 11

Ridge found between dorsal intermediate and dorsolateral sulci

Answer 11

Fasciculus cuneatus

Question 12

Marks the site of termination of nucleus gracilis

Answer 12

Clava

Question 13

Marks the termination of nucleus cuneatus

Answer 13

Cuneate tubercle

Question 14

Lateral ridges on the floor of the fourth ventricle

Answer 14

Vagal trigone

Indicates also the location of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Question 15

Medial ridges on the floor of the fourth ventricle

Answer 15

Hypoglossal trigone

Indicates also the site of the hypoglossal nucleus

Question 16

Ridge on the posterior aspect of pons formed by fibers PASSING TOWARD THE CEREBELLUM

Answer 16

Striae medullares of the fourth ventricle

Question 17

The landmark/site where foramen of Luschka allows CSF to flow into the subarachnoid space

Answer 17

Lateral recesses

Question 18

A single midline opening in the obex where CSF leaves the ventricle

Answer 18

Foramen of Magendie

Question 19

A shallow furrow that extends along the midline of the pons and coincides with the course of the basilar artery

Answer 19

Basal sulcus

Question 20

Cranial nerve that exits the inferior pontine sulcus at the caudal border of the pons

Answer 20

Abducent nerve (CN VI-6)

Question 21

Transverse fibers of the pons that converge to form compact LATERAL bundles

Answer 21

Brachia pontis (middle cerebella peduncles

Question 22

Cranial nerves that emerges from the cerebellopontine angle

Answer 22

Facial nerve (CN VII-7) and Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII-8)

Question 23

Cranial nerve that penetrates the brachium pontis near the lateral surface of the pons

Answer 23

Trigeminal nerve (CN V-5)

Question 24

A triangular area at the posterior surface of pons which forms the rostral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle contains what junction and recess?

Answer 24

Ponto-medullary junction and lateral recess

Question 25

What cranial nerves crosses and forms the facial colliculus

Answer 25

Abducens nucleus (CN VI-6) and fibers of Facial nerve (CN VII-7) Facial colliculus lies rostral to the lateral recess in the floor of the ventricle

Question 26

A structure connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricle that transverses the midbrain longitudinally

Answer 26

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Question 27

Cerebral peduncles are also known as...

Answer 27

Crura cerebri

Question 28

What separates the crura cerebri?

Answer 28

Interpeduncular fossa

Question 29

What cranial nerve skirts around the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 29

Optic nerve

Question 30

What cranial nerve exits from the sides of the interpeduncular fossa and emerge on the surface of transverse groove between the pons and midbrain

Answer 30

Occulomotor nerve (CN III-3)

Question 31

What is the posterior surface of the midbrain, and what are the elevations found here?

Answer 31

Tectum Corpora quadrigemina

Question 32

What cranial nerve emerges from the posterior surface just behind the inferior colliculi after decussating in the anterior medullary velum?

Answer 32

Trochlear nerve (CN IV-4)

Question 33

Identify the branchiomeric muscles, derived from pharyngeal arches

Answer 33

``` Muscle of the: Jaw Facial expression Pharynx Larynx ```

Question 34

What type (functional classification) of nerve fibers innervate the branchiomeric muscles?

Answer 34

Special visceral efferent (SVE)

Question 35

What are the somatic musculature of the head?

Answer 35

Tongue and eye muscles

Question 36

What cranial nerves contain GSE fibers?

Answer 36

Occulomotor (CN III-3) Trochlear (CN IV-4) Facial (CN VI-6) Hypoglossal (CN XII-12)

Question 37

What are the order of the cell columns(nuclei) from medial to lateral formed by the cranial nerves?

Answer 37

``` GSE, GVE, SVE, GVA, SVA, GSA, SSA ```

Question 38

What fibers of the cranial nerves are GVE?

Answer 38

Occulomotor (CN III-3) Facial (CN VII-7) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9) Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus(CN X-10)

Question 39

What cranial nerves compose the parasympathetic cranial nerve nuclei?

Answer 39

Facial (CN VII-7) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9) Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus(CN X-10) Occulomotor (CN III-3)

Question 40

What cranial nerves consist of the lateral SVE nuclei and supply the branchiomeric muscles

Answer 40

Trigeminal (CN V-5) Facial (CN VII-7) Nucleus ambiguus: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9) Vagus (CN X-10) Accessory (CN XI-11)

Question 41

Where does the Visceral afferent fibers terminate in the midbrain?

Answer 41

Nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Question 42

What cranial nerve fibers are GVA?

Answer 42

Vagus nerve (CN X-10)

Question 43

What cranial nerves are special afferent?

Answer 43

Facial (CN VII-7) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9) Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII-8)

Question 44

What cranial nerves are GSA?

Answer 44

Trigeminal (CN V-5) Facial (CN VII-7) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX-9)

Question 45

What cranial nerves are derived from the metencephalon?

Answer 45

Cranial nerves 3,4,5,6,7

Question 46

What cranial nerves are derived from the myelencephalon?

Answer 46

CN 9,10,12

Question 47

What cranial nerve is derived from the mesencephalon?

Answer 47

CN 3

Question 48

The vermis influences which part of the body?

Answer 48

The axial body

Question 49

The intermediate zone of the cerebellum influences which part of the body?

Answer 49

The upper and lower extremities

Question 50

The lateral zone is essential for what function?

Answer 50

Appropriate timing and sequencing