Higher Biology - Unit 3 - Part 1 - Food - Plants etc Flashcards
Food security is the ability of human
populations to …
access food of sufficient quality and quantity.
Increase in human population and
concern for food security leads to a
demand for …
increased food production.
Food production must be ___________ and not degrade the natural resources on which agriculture depends
sustainable
Increased food production will depend on factors that control plant growth such as
- breeding of higher yielding cultivars
- use of fertiliser
- protecting crops from pests, diseases and competition.
All food production is dependent ultimately
upon ….
photosynthesis.
Some traits that breeders try to breed into their crops are …
• higher nutritional values,
• resistance to pests and diseases,
• ability to thrive in particular environmental conditions
etc.
Cereals, potatoes, root vegetables and legumes are examples of …
Plant crops
Livestock produce less food per unit area than plant crops due to …..
loss of energy between trophic levels.
Livestock production is often possible in habitats unsuitable for growing crops - an example from Scotland of this might be …..
Hill sheep farming where blackface sheep can survive on fairly bleak mountainsides !
Light that is not absorbed by plant pigments is ….
transmitted or reflected
Photosynthesis traps light energy to produce …
carbohydrates
Carotenoids extend the range of wavelengths absorbed by photosynthesis and pass the energy to ….
chlorophyll
In the light dependent staget, absorbed energy excites _______ in the pigment molecule.
electrons
The enzyme RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide by attaching it to ________________ in the Calvin cycle.
ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
In the Calvin cycle, 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP and combined with hydrogen from NADPH to form ___________.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
