High Yield Theory

Question 1

What anions and cations are always soluble in water

Answer 1

G1 metals, SNAAP: Sodium Nitrates acetates Ammonium Potassium

Question 2

Sulfates are always soluble except with…

Answer 2

PMS: Lead, Mercury, Silver Castroba: Calcium, Strontium, Barium

Question 3

Halides (Cl-,Br-,I-) are always soluble except with

Answer 3

PMS: Lead, Mercury, Silver

Question 4

Fluorides (F-) are always soluble except with

Answer 4

G2 metals,Pb,Fe

Question 5

Chromate CrO42- are always insoluble except with

Answer 5

Calcium, Magnesium

Question 6

Hydroxide OH- are always insoluble except with

Answer 6

Castroba: Calcium Strontium Barium, silver

Question 7

Sulfides are always insoluble except with

Answer 7

G2 Metals

Question 8

Oxides are always insoluble except with

Answer 8

Castroba: Calcium Strontium Barium

Question 9

Carbonates & Phosphates are always insoluble except with

Answer 9

SNAAP: Sodium, Nitrates, Ammonium, Acetate, Potassium

Question 10

Strong Acids and Bases to remember

Answer 10

Acids: HCl,H2SO4,HNO3, HI, HBr
Base: Any hydroxide base

Question 11

pH Range of the indicator: Methyl Orange

Answer 11

3.1-4-4 (orange)

Question 12

pH Range of the indicator: Bromothymol Blue

Answer 12

6.0-7.6 (yellow to blue)

Question 13

pH Range of the indicator: Phenolphthalein

Answer 13

8.3-10(Pink)

Question 14

Functional group of an Aldehyde

Answer 14

Carbonyl group (carbon double bonded to oxygen) attached to the END of the carbon backbone

Question 14

Functional Group of a Ketone

Answer 14

Carbonyl group (carbon double bonded to oxygen) NOT on the end of the carbon backbone

Question 15

Functional Group of an Amine

Answer 15

N group attached to a carbon chain

Question 16

Functional Group of an Amide

Answer 16

An amine attached to a carbonyl

Question 17

Functional Group of Esters

Answer 17

Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen

Question 18

Naming esters

Answer 18

for esters, name the carbon chain attached with the carbonyl as normal, change -e suffix. The other chain is named as an alkyl group. Name of ester given by name of alkyl group followed by the name of the other chain.

Question 19

Addition of Halogens to Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 19

Description: Halogens are added across a double or triple bond of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Extra Info: No catalysts are needed as halogens are very reactive.

Question 20

Addition of water to unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 20

Water is added across a double/triple bond

If double bond, a hydrogen being at one end while the hydroxyl group is at the other end

If triple bond, hydrogens are added to one end while an oxygen is added to the other end