High yield

Question 1

what area is located at the front of the nose and is prone to nose bleeds

Answer 1

Kiesselbachs area

Question 2

A defect in the cranial nucleus will result in

Answer 2

inability to cry

Question 3

what is the path of light through the eye ball

Answer 3

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Question 4

The incisors drain to the

Answer 4

sublingual space

Question 5

the molars drain to the

Answer 5

submandibular space

Question 6

what is the blood supply to the thalmus

Answer 6

posterior cerebral artery

Question 7

How would you recognize a thalamic defect in your patient

Answer 7

all CN tests would fail excpet olfactory

Question 8

Blunt force trauma to lateral wall of the orbit, x ray reveals disruption of superior orbital fissure, which vein should you make sure has not been ruptured

Answer 8

(Superior ophthalmic vein)

Question 9

Patient presents 2 weeks postop after fractured orbital wall complaining of reduced vision, which vessel is most likely problematic

Answer 9

(Central retinal artery)

Question 10

Patient presents with droopy eyelid and can’t look laterally, which nerve is involved

Answer 10

(Occulomotor nerve)

Question 11

Patient presents with double vision, left medially deviated eye and left ptosis

Answer 11

(CN III, IV, and VI)

Question 12

Trauma to head, inability to distinguish whether they are being touched on their forehead, what is the problem

Answer 12

(damage to Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve)

Question 13

Crushing injury to zygomatic arch, which nerve is dysfunctional, no branch of maxillary nerve is given

Answer 13

(zygomatic nerve)

Question 14

Catches a softball to lateral aspect of jaw, fracturing ascending ramus of mandible, which cranial nerve is injured

Answer 14

(mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)

Question 15

Softball fractures nasal bone, which nerve is damaged

Answer 15

nasociliary nerve

Question 16

CN8 runs through internal acoustic meatus, leads to altered hearing and balance

Answer 16

-no problems with hearing, but problem with balance-à damage to vestibular nerve

Question 17

Carotid endarterectomy, what types of iatrogrenic injuryàwhich two nerve deficits

Answer 17

Superior cervical lymph nodes, IJV, damage to CN 9, 11, 12, branches of 10

Question 18

Traversing jugular foramen, which problem results from chondroma of jugular forame

Answer 18

Damage to cranial nerves 9-11 along with IJV

dysphagia, hoarseness, deviation of uvula, loss of gag reflex, decrease in parotid gland secretion, soft palate drooping, SCM and trapezius paresis

Question 19

What CN would be damages from pressure on the internal carotid artery

Answer 19

9, 10, 11

Question 20

Tongue sticking out and deviated, is problem unilateral (which side)

Answer 20

(hypoglossal nerve damageàunilateral damage, tongue deviates towards paralyzed/ipsilateral side)

Question 21

Posterior crico-arytenoid function

Answer 21

only muscle that abducts/opens the vocal cords by opening the rima glottides

Question 22

What circumstances indicate cricothyrotomy vs tracheostomy

Answer 22

Tracheostomy: provides an airway to remove secretions from the lungs or bypass an obstructed airway

-anatomical landmarks easier to palpate, less risk of bleeding b/c of fewer arteries, no need to manipulate the cervical spine, SAFER AND BETTER

Cricothyrotomy: establish airway during airway obstruction by foreign body, angioedema, massive facial trauma

-patient placed in full extension, puncture cricothyroid ligament with a sharp instrument

Question 23

What type of nerve fibers run from one cerebral hemisphere to the other

Answer 23

Commissural Fibers

Question 24

A brain stem leash on of the second order nucleus with a loss of conscious proprioception front the right upper limb

Answer 24

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (Cuneatus) Lesion will be ipsilateral

Question 25

A patient is unable to move their hands and feet. CN and sensation intact. Where is the lesion?

Answer 25

Decussation of the pyramids

Question 26

Which nucleus is involved in a patient that is having difficulty swallowing?

Answer 26

Hypoglossal nucleus (nucleus ambiguous)

Question 27

A patient presents with a loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face. Which tract/ nucleus must be involved? Which blood vessel must be involved?

Answer 27

Spinal Trigeminal Tract; PICA Same side of face, opposite of body

Question 28

Location of Brainstem lesion in which the patient is unable to abduct the right eye and left sided paralysis of upper and lower extremities.

Answer 28

Medial longitudinal fasiculus and corticospinal fibers in basilar pons along caudal levels

Question 29

What vessel is involved with a hemorrhage lesion of the anterior lobe fo the cerebellum involving the cortex and nuclei

Answer 29

Superior cerebellar artery, which arises from basilar

Question 30

What is the source of climbing fibers in the cerebellum

Answer 30

Inferior Oliver’s nucleus of the medulla

Question 31

patient with double vision (diplopia), the left eye is deviated laterally and lightly inferiorly, the left pupil is dilated and does not constrict to a bright light.

Answer 31

An occlusion of vessels serving the medial portions of the midbrain (quadrigeminal artery) → Weber Syndrome

Damage to the right medial midbrain

Question 32

Structure affected by a tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern

Answer 32

posterior surface of the midbrain

Question 33

Midbrain involvement with an absent pupillary light reflex

Answer 33

Pretectal area → Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Optic tract fibers will terminate in the pretectal nucleus (area) located in the SUPERIOR COLLICULIS → it will project bilaterally to the Edinger-Westphal nuclei → the axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus with the oculomotor nerve → will synapse on the cells in the ciliary ganglion which will innervate the spincter muscle of the pupil and ciliary muscle

Question 34

Neurons involved with a neurodegenerative disease that is related to a progressive loss of dopamine containing cells

Answer 34

Pars compacta of the substantia nigra

Question 35

Blood vessel involved with a midbrain lesion that involves problems with hearing

Answer 35

Basilar artery → AICA → Labyrinthine artery

Question 36

Major arteriol supply to the pons

Answer 36

Basilar

Question 37

Why would optic nerve sheath diameter be assessed?

Answer 37

To measure elevated intracranial pressure

Question 38

blood supply to the inferior and superior coplliculi

Answer 38

quadrageminal

Question 39

contain pigment containing cells

Answer 39

pars compacta

Question 40

which spinal cord comes out inferior to the inferior colliculi

Answer 40

trochlear