High yield Flashcards
what area is located at the front of the nose and is prone to nose bleeds
Kiesselbachs area
A defect in the cranial nucleus will result in
inability to cry
what is the path of light through the eye ball
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
The incisors drain to the
sublingual space
the molars drain to the
submandibular space
what is the blood supply to the thalmus
posterior cerebral artery
How would you recognize a thalamic defect in your patient
all CN tests would fail excpet olfactory
Blunt force trauma to lateral wall of the orbit, x ray reveals disruption of superior orbital fissure, which vein should you make sure has not been ruptured
(Superior ophthalmic vein)
Patient presents 2 weeks postop after fractured orbital wall complaining of reduced vision, which vessel is most likely problematic
(Central retinal artery)
Patient presents with droopy eyelid and can’t look laterally, which nerve is involved
(Occulomotor nerve)
Patient presents with double vision, left medially deviated eye and left ptosis
(CN III, IV, and VI)
Trauma to head, inability to distinguish whether they are being touched on their forehead, what is the problem
(damage to Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve)
Crushing injury to zygomatic arch, which nerve is dysfunctional, no branch of maxillary nerve is given
(zygomatic nerve)
Catches a softball to lateral aspect of jaw, fracturing ascending ramus of mandible, which cranial nerve is injured
(mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)
Softball fractures nasal bone, which nerve is damaged
nasociliary nerve
CN8 runs through internal acoustic meatus, leads to altered hearing and balance
-no problems with hearing, but problem with balance-à damage to vestibular nerve
Carotid endarterectomy, what types of iatrogrenic injuryàwhich two nerve deficits
Superior cervical lymph nodes, IJV, damage to CN 9, 11, 12, branches of 10
Traversing jugular foramen, which problem results from chondroma of jugular forame
Damage to cranial nerves 9-11 along with IJV
dysphagia, hoarseness, deviation of uvula, loss of gag reflex, decrease in parotid gland secretion, soft palate drooping, SCM and trapezius paresis
What CN would be damages from pressure on the internal carotid artery
9, 10, 11
Tongue sticking out and deviated, is problem unilateral (which side)
(hypoglossal nerve damageàunilateral damage, tongue deviates towards paralyzed/ipsilateral side)
Posterior crico-arytenoid function
only muscle that abducts/opens the vocal cords by opening the rima glottides
What circumstances indicate cricothyrotomy vs tracheostomy
Tracheostomy: provides an airway to remove secretions from the lungs or bypass an obstructed airway
-anatomical landmarks easier to palpate, less risk of bleeding b/c of fewer arteries, no need to manipulate the cervical spine, SAFER AND BETTER
Cricothyrotomy: establish airway during airway obstruction by foreign body, angioedema, massive facial trauma
-patient placed in full extension, puncture cricothyroid ligament with a sharp instrument
What type of nerve fibers run from one cerebral hemisphere to the other
Commissural Fibers
A brain stem leash on of the second order nucleus with a loss of conscious proprioception front the right upper limb
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (Cuneatus) Lesion will be ipsilateral
A patient is unable to move their hands and feet. CN and sensation intact. Where is the lesion?
Decussation of the pyramids
Which nucleus is involved in a patient that is having difficulty swallowing?
Hypoglossal nucleus (nucleus ambiguous)
A patient presents with a loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face. Which tract/ nucleus must be involved? Which blood vessel must be involved?
Spinal Trigeminal Tract; PICA Same side of face, opposite of body
Location of Brainstem lesion in which the patient is unable to abduct the right eye and left sided paralysis of upper and lower extremities.
Medial longitudinal fasiculus and corticospinal fibers in basilar pons along caudal levels
What vessel is involved with a hemorrhage lesion of the anterior lobe fo the cerebellum involving the cortex and nuclei
Superior cerebellar artery, which arises from basilar
What is the source of climbing fibers in the cerebellum
Inferior Oliver’s nucleus of the medulla
patient with double vision (diplopia), the left eye is deviated laterally and lightly inferiorly, the left pupil is dilated and does not constrict to a bright light.
An occlusion of vessels serving the medial portions of the midbrain (quadrigeminal artery) → Weber Syndrome
Damage to the right medial midbrain
Structure affected by a tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern
posterior surface of the midbrain
Midbrain involvement with an absent pupillary light reflex
Pretectal area → Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Optic tract fibers will terminate in the pretectal nucleus (area) located in the SUPERIOR COLLICULIS → it will project bilaterally to the Edinger-Westphal nuclei → the axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus with the oculomotor nerve → will synapse on the cells in the ciliary ganglion which will innervate the spincter muscle of the pupil and ciliary muscle
Neurons involved with a neurodegenerative disease that is related to a progressive loss of dopamine containing cells
Pars compacta of the substantia nigra
Blood vessel involved with a midbrain lesion that involves problems with hearing
Basilar artery → AICA → Labyrinthine artery
Major arteriol supply to the pons
Basilar
Why would optic nerve sheath diameter be assessed?
To measure elevated intracranial pressure
blood supply to the inferior and superior coplliculi
quadrageminal
contain pigment containing cells
pars compacta
which spinal cord comes out inferior to the inferior colliculi
trochlear
