high yield #3 Flashcards
cushings triad
increased ICP
- HTN
- Bradycardia
- decreased resp
difference b/w orbital cellultitis and preseptal cellulitis
orbital cellulititis= pain/diplopia w/ EOM, ophthalmoplegia, and proptosis
gradual central vison loss
macular degeneration
straight lines appear wavy on Amsler grid
macular degeneration
hordeolum
stye
infection of meibomian gland
painful
chalazion
obstructionof meibomian gland
painless
orbital blowout fracture tx
- nasal decongestants - DONT sneeze
- Abx- amp-sulbactam OR clida
- surg
leukocoria
abnormal WHITE reflex instead of normal RED
retinoblastoma
retinoblastoma tx
radiation & chemo
FATAL if untreated
MC cause of permanent legal blindness & vision loss in older adults
macular degeneration
metamorphospsia
striaght lines appear bent
-macular degeneration
macular degeneration
-what slows progression
Vit C, E & Zinc
macular degeneration
-tx
Intraviteral VEGF inhibitor
-Bevacizumab
drusen
yellow- white build up on outer retina
-macular degeneration
diabetic retinopathy
classic signs
nonproliferative
- microaneurysms
- cotton wool spots
- dot blot hemorrage
- flame hemorrage
- hard exudates- circinate
NEOVASCULARIZATION- new blood vessels - proliferative
diabetic retintopathy
w/ neovascularization
tx
VEGF inhibitor
-Bevacizumab
signs of hypertenisve retinopathy
AV nicking
-blurring of optic disc (papilledema)
risk factor for retinal detatchment
myopia (near sighted)
hx cataract surgery
flashing lights (photopsia) followed by floaters followed by unilateral peripheral vision loss "curtains coming down" followed by central vision loss
retinal detachment
retinal detachment what is seen on fundoscopy
Shafer’s sign
-clumping of brown colored pigment vitreous cells resembling tobacco dust in vitreous humor
retinal detachment
tx
lay pt supine, turn head TOWARD side of injury
- do NOT use mitotic drops
- surg, lazer, cryotherapy
Neonatal conjunctivitis
causes
CGC
Day1- chemical conjunctivitis from sliver nitrate= artificial tears
Day 2-5: gonococcal -ceftriaxone
Day 5-7: Chlamydia trach - oral erythromycin
prophylaxis for neonatal conjunctivitis
Erythromycin - for Gonorrhea
** NOT effective for chlamydia
when do you remove a rust ring from eye
24 hours w/ rotating burr by opthalmolgist
viral conjunctivitis on slit lamp
punctate staining
chemosis
conjunctival edema
-allergic conjunctivitis
allergic conjunctivitis
tx
H1 blocker -antihistamine
- Olopatadine
occular chemical burns burns
- acidic- lcoagulative necrosis ( H+ form protein barrier
2. alkalotic= WORSE- liquefactive necrosis
strabismus
misalignment of one or both eyes
- not permanent until 2-3 mo
- .4-6 mo= referal needed
painful loss of vision, color change, blind spots (central scotoma)
optic neuritis- MS
marcus gunn pupil
MS
RAPD
Relative affrent pupillary defect
Rays in affected pupil dilate
Argyll roberston pupil
neurosyphilis
-eyes contract for accomodation but not to light
halos around lights and peripheral vision loss
severe unilateral eye pain
acute angle glaucoma
acute angle glacoma tx
BB: timilol
Alpha 2 agonist: apraclonidine
mitotics: pilocarpine
Definitive: iridotomy
slowly progressive unilateral peripheral tunnel vision
painless
chronic angle glaucoma
chronic angle glaucoma
tx
prostaglandins
-Lanoprost
acute painless monocular vision loss with cherry red macula
central retinal artery occlusion
acute painless monocular vision loss with extensive retinal hemorrages “blood and thunder appearance”
central retinal vein occlusion
Rabies exposure prophylaxis
immunocompetent: Rabies vaccine day 0,3,7,14 + immune globin
immunocompromised: rabies vaccine day 0,3,7,14, 28 + RIG
rabies exposure prophylaxis with previous exoposure and prophylaxis
immunocompetent: Rabies vaccine day 0,3
NO RIG
CENTOR criteria for strep
2-3 + to test
- absent cough +1
- lymphadenopathy anterior +1
- Temp >38 +1
- tonsilar exudate or swelling +1
- age <15 +1
- age >45 = - point
structure in ear contains auditory sensory receptors
cochlea
in patients with sickle cell dz, this virus can cause aplastic crisis
Parvovirus B19
abnormal heavy uterine bleeding 1st line
OCP
simple febrile seizure
6mo- 5 years
1 seizure
<15 mins
no meds required
complex febrile seizure w/out concerning symptoms
6mo- 5 years
2-3 seizures in last 24 hour
<15 mins
no meds required
complex febrile seizure w/ concerning symptoms
6mo-5y 4+ seizure in 24 hours >15 or >5 + benzo focal features MEDS required = diazepam
MC associated with acute mastoiditis
osteitis
-destruction of mastoid bone trabeculae
1st line prophylaxis for migrains
propranolol
what substance increases in post-natal period to close the PDA
bradykinin
PCOS labs
increased testosterone
LH:FSH 3:1
LH increases testosterone
FSH decrease leads to cystic ovaries
clomiphene
used to treat infertility
estrogen receptor modulator for anovulatory women
metformin for infertility
improves menstrual frequency
