High yield Flashcards
medicamentos que causan agranulocytosis
clozapina, mirtazapina, carbamacepina
Efectos adversos de Litio
Diabetes insipida nefrofénica, tremor, hipotiroidismo e hiperparatiroidimos. Ene priemr trimestre del embarazo: Ebstein anromaly (corazon)
Fisiopatologia de la visión borrosa en diabetes
Aumenta la actividad de la Aldosa reductasa para convertir glucosa en sorbitol
B12 vs B9 deficiency
B12: Methymalonic Acid ELEVATED and Neurological symptoms present. (B12 levels may be NORMAL)
Homocystein elevated in BOTH
Enfermedad asociado con lupus que puede arrojar un rapid plasma reagin positivo
rapid plasma reagin: sifilis positiva
Anticuerpos Anti cardiolipina: reaccionan contra las membranas plaquetarias y causan alteración endotelial. Ademas pueden dar un RPR falso positivo
para determinar cual es: FTA-ABS
Trimethoprim (Mechanism and adverse effect)
Mechanism: Inhibition of bacteria dihydrofolate reductase.
Adverse effects:
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Leukopenia
- Granulocytopenia
Aminoglycosides (Mechanism and adverse effect)
Mechanism: Misreading of mRNA and inhibition of initiation complex
Adverse effects:
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicitu and vestibulotoxicity
- Neuromuscular blockade
- Teratogenicity
Tetracyclines (Mechanism and adverse effect)
Mechanism: Inhibition of attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Adverse effects:
- Photosensitivity
- Discoloration of teeth
- Inhibition of bone growth
- GI distress
Chloraphenicol (Mechanism and adverse effect)
Mechanism: Inhibition of 50S peptidyltransferase
Adverse effects:
- Aplastic Anemia
- Gray Baby Syndrome (newborn with hypotension, cyanosis, hypotermia, hypotonia, ashen gray coloration of skin, abdomina distantion)
Macrolides (Mechanism and adverse effect)
Mechanism: Inhibition of proteina synthesis via blocked translocation
Adverse effects:
- Eosinophilia
- Arrhythmia (QT prolongation)
- Cholestatic hepatitis
Finding and Pathophysiology after 24 hours of an acute myocardial infarction
- Findings: Arritmia ventricular
- Pathophysiology: Calcium mediated hypercontraction
Finding and Pathophysiology after 1-3 days of an acute myocardial infarction
- Findings: Fibrinous pericarditis
- Pathophysiology: Neutrophil mediated inflammation
Finding and Pathophysiology after 3-14 days of an acute myocardial infarction
- Findings: Free wall Rupture, LV pseudoaeurysm
- Pathophysiology: granulation tissue and macrophages
Finding and Pathophysiology after 2+ weeks of an acute myocardial infarction
- Findings: Dressler Syndrome, Mural thrombus
- Pathophysiology: Scar foarmation
In which diseases are implicated: SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE, DOPAMINE, ACETYLCHOLINE, GLUTAMATE?
- SEROTONIN= DEPRESSION
-NOREPINEPHRINE= DEMENTIA (+ acetylcholine)
-DOPAMINE= PRIMARY PSYCOTIC DISORDERS - ACETYLCHOLINE= DELIRIUM
- GLUTAMATE= POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
DELIRIUM (neurotransmitter, onset, symptoms, orientation, vitals/labs, treatment)
- Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
- Onset: acute
- Symptoms: prominet visual hallucinations
- Orientation: disoriented
- Vitals/labs: abnormal
-Treatment: underlying condition, reorientation
Primary psychotic disorders (neurotransmitter, onset, symptoms, orientation, vitals/labs, treatment)
- Neurotransmitter: Dopamine
- Onset: insidiuos
- Symptoms: disease-specific
- Orientation: +/- oriented
- Vitals/labs: normal
-Treatment: antipsychotics
Dementia (neurotransmitter, onset, symptoms, orientation, vitals/labs, treatment)
- Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine
- Onset: insidious
- Symptoms: disease-specific
- Orientation: Oriented
- Vitals/labs: normal
-Treatment: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors