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Rad Physics > High voltage Generator > Flashcards

High voltage Generator Flashcards

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0
Q

Used to change incoming power to levels needed to produce x-rays

A

High voltage section or generator

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1
Q

Generator is connected to the power line through a

A

Circuit breaker

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2
Q

Is used primarily for electrical insulation

A

Oil

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3
Q

In a step-up transformer secondary voltage is ____ than the primary voltage

A

Higher

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4
Q

Limits current from power line to generator

A

Circuit breaker

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5
Q

Responsible for increasing the output voltage from the auto transformer to the kVp necessary for x ray production

A

High voltage section/generator

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6
Q

High voltage generator operates only on what current

A

Alternating current

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7
Q

Voltage waveform is ____

A

Sinusoidal

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8
Q

The only difference bet. Primary and secondary waveform is their

A

Amplitude

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9
Q

Primary voltage is measured in ___ and secondary voltage is measured in ____

A

Volts (V)

kilovolt peak (kVp)

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10
Q

Primary current is measured in ___ while secondary current is measured in ___

A

Amperes (A)

milliamperes (mA)

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of current

A

Direct current

Alternating current

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12
Q

Derived from cell or battery and uni-directional

A

Direct current

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13
Q

Current changes its direction after equal intervals of time

A

Alternating current

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14
Q

The positive and negative terminals are FIXED

A

Direct current

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15
Q

NO FIXED TERMINALS as the current changes its direction after every half cycle

A

Alternating current

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16
Q

X-ray tube must be provided with ___ current

A

Direct current

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17
Q

X-ray are produced by acceleration of ___ from ____ to _____

A

Electrons

Cathode to anode

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18
Q

Secondary voltage of high voltage transformer must be ___

A

Rectified

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19
Q

Is a process whereby alternating current AC is converted into direct current DC

A

Rectification

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20
Q

Required to ensure the electron flow in one direction “from cathode-anode”

A

Rectification

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21
Q

Is an electronic device that allows current flow in only one direction

A

Rectifier

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22
Q

A device which performs the opposite function ( changes DC to AC) is known as ___

A

Inverter

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23
Q

Rectification is accomplished with ___

A

Diode

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24
Q

A ___ is an electric device that contains 2 ____

A

Diode

Electrodes

25
Q

An ___ is a conductor through which electric current is passed. It may be wires plates or rods

A

Electrode

26
Q

Solid state rectifier are made of ___ in most modern x ray generator

A

Silicon

27
Q

Have the ability to conduct electricty

A

Semiconductors

28
Q

2 types of semi conductor

A

n-type

p-type

29
Q

Have loosely bound electron that are relatively free to move

A

n-type

30
Q

Have space (holes) where there are no electrons

A

p-type

31
Q

Middle portion or where the p and n type meet

A

Depletion region

32
Q

The current that passes through the x ray tube exist only during the positive half of the cycle

A

Unrectified voltage

33
Q

That is when the anode is positive and cathode is negative

A

Unrectified voltage

34
Q

During the negative half cycle current flow only from

A

Anode to cathode

35
Q

2 types of rectification

A

Half-wave rectification

Full-wave rectification

36
Q

Is the simplest type of rectifier since it only uses one diode

A

Half-wave rectifier

37
Q

Problems in half wave rectification

A

It wastes half of the electric power supply

It requires twice the exposure time

38
Q

Consists of at least 4 diodes in high voltage circuit

A

Full wave rectification

39
Q

For rectifiers arranged this way are called ___

A

Bridge rectifier

40
Q

Advantages of

A

The exposure time for given technique is cut in half

The half wave rectified x ray tube emits only half of the time

The pulsed x-ray output of a full wave rectified machine occurs 120 times each second instead of 60 times per second as with half wave rectification

41
Q

Another way to characterized the voltage waveform

A

Voltage ripple

42
Q

Voltage ripple usually expressed as percentage of maximum ___

A

kV

43
Q

Less voltage ripple results in a ___ radiation quantity and quality

A

Greater

44
Q

3 common characteristic of electrical waveforms

A

Period
Frequency
Amplitude

45
Q

Is the number of times the waveform repeats itself with in a one second time period

A

Frequency

46
Q

Is the magnitude or intensity of the signal waveform measured in volts or amps

A

Amplitude

47
Q

The length of time in seconds that the waveform makes to repeat itself from start to finish

A

Period

48
Q

Period is also called as ___ the waveform from sine waves or the ____ for square waves

A

Periodic Time

Pulse Width

49
Q

Unit of frequency

A

Hertz (Hz)

50
Q

Single phase power results in a ____

A

Pulsating x ray beam

51
Q

This is causes by alternating in swing in voltage from 0 to maximum potential 120 times each second under full wave rectification

A

SPP= Single Phase Power

52
Q

Single phase input power results in ____

A

Pulsed radiation

53
Q

X rays with SPP has a value of near zero are of little value because of lower energy

A

X ray with little penetrability

54
Q

In ___ multiple voltage waveform are superimposed on one another resulting in a waveform that maintains a nearly constant high voltage

A

Three Phase Power

55
Q

With ___ the voltage impressed across the X ray beam tube is nearly constant never dropping to zero during exposure

A

TPP

56
Q

This produces a near constant potential voltage waveform improving image quality at lower radiation dose

A

High frequency generator

57
Q

Power rating for three phase and high frequency

Power is measured in ___

A

kilowatts (kW)

58
Q

Formula for power rating in TPP

A

PR= mA x kVp/ 1000

59
Q

Formula for SPP

A

PR = (0.707) mA x kVp / 1000

Rad Physics (2 decks)

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