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+ CHEM 121 > High School Review (A.1-A.6 and D.9-D.11) > Flashcards

High School Review (A.1-A.6 and D.9-D.11) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nucleus composed of?

A

protons and neutrons

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2
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

outside the nucleus

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3
Q

What are atoms mostly made up of?

A

empty space

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4
Q

Which electrons are involved in chemical reactions?

A

electrons at the periphery

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5
Q

What is the identity of a chemical element determined by?

A

number of protons in its nucleus, the atomic number (Z)

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6
Q

What is the mass number?

A

total numbers of protons and neutrons, because they each weight approximately 1 amu

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (Z) but differ in the mass number (A)
many elements are composed of a certain ratio of isotopes

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8
Q

What is natural abundance?

A

the percentage of each isotope in a naturally occurring sample of an element

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9
Q

Why do isotopes of the same element react in a similar way?

A

because they have the same number of electrons, and it is the electrons that are involved in the bond breaking and formation that occurs in chemical reactions

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10
Q

Isotopes of a particular element generally form the same chemical compounds.

A

-

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11
Q

What is atomic weight?

A

weighted averages of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes

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12
Q

REVIEW HOW TO DETERMINE ATOMIC WEIGHT.

A

-

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13
Q

REVIEW STRUCTURE OF PERIODIC TABLE.

A

-

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14
Q

What is group 1 of the periodic table?

A

alkali metals

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15
Q

What is group 2 of the periodic table?

A

alkaline earth metals

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16
Q

What is group 15 of the periodic table?

A

pnictogens

17
Q

What is group 16 of the periodic table?

A

chalcogens

18
Q

What is group 17 of the periodic table?

A

halogens

19
Q

What is group 18 of the periodic table?

A

noble gases

20
Q

How is the periodic table organized?

A
  • elements with similar chemical properties are arranged in columns
  • trends in chemical and atomic properties of the elements can often be explained by comparing their respective row numbers and group numbers
  • arranges elements according to the number of protons as well as the number and arrangement of electrons
21
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

electrons in the s and p subshells of the occupied electronic shell with the largest n for the neutral element

22
Q

What is the valence shell?

A

outermost shell

23
Q

Which electrons are not counted as valence electrons?

A

electrons in the d and f subshells

24
Q

Why are valence electrons very important?

A

they are the electrons that are involved in the formation of bonds to other atoms

25
Q

REVIEW VALENCE ELECTRONS (A.6)

A

-

26
Q

REVIEW APPENDIX D.9-D.11

A

-

+ CHEM 121 (5 decks)

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