High School Review (A.1-A.6 and D.9-D.11)

Question 1

What is the nucleus composed of?

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

Where are electrons located?

Answer 2

outside the nucleus

Question 3

What are atoms mostly made up of?

Answer 3

empty space

Question 4

Which electrons are involved in chemical reactions?

Answer 4

electrons at the periphery

Question 5

What is the identity of a chemical element determined by?

Answer 5

number of protons in its nucleus, the atomic number (Z)

Question 6

What is the mass number?

Answer 6

total numbers of protons and neutrons, because they each weight approximately 1 amu

Question 7

What is an isotope?

Answer 7

isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (Z) but differ in the mass number (A)
many elements are composed of a certain ratio of isotopes

Question 8

What is natural abundance?

Answer 8

the percentage of each isotope in a naturally occurring sample of an element

Question 9

Why do isotopes of the same element react in a similar way?

Answer 9

because they have the same number of electrons, and it is the electrons that are involved in the bond breaking and formation that occurs in chemical reactions

Question 10

Isotopes of a particular element generally form the same chemical compounds.

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is atomic weight?

Answer 11

weighted averages of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes

Question 12

REVIEW HOW TO DETERMINE ATOMIC WEIGHT.

Answer 12

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Question 13

REVIEW STRUCTURE OF PERIODIC TABLE.

Answer 13

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Question 14

What is group 1 of the periodic table?

Answer 14

alkali metals

Question 15

What is group 2 of the periodic table?

Answer 15

alkaline earth metals

Question 16

What is group 15 of the periodic table?

Answer 16

pnictogens

Question 17

What is group 16 of the periodic table?

Answer 17

chalcogens

Question 18

What is group 17 of the periodic table?

Answer 18

halogens

Question 19

What is group 18 of the periodic table?

Answer 19

noble gases

Question 20

How is the periodic table organized?

Answer 20

• elements with similar chemical properties are arranged in columns
• trends in chemical and atomic properties of the elements can often be explained by comparing their respective row numbers and group numbers
• arranges elements according to the number of protons as well as the number and arrangement of electrons

Question 21

What are valence electrons?

Answer 21

electrons in the s and p subshells of the occupied electronic shell with the largest n for the neutral element

Question 22

What is the valence shell?

Answer 22

outermost shell

Question 23

Which electrons are not counted as valence electrons?

Answer 23

electrons in the d and f subshells

Question 24

Why are valence electrons very important?

Answer 24

they are the electrons that are involved in the formation of bonds to other atoms

Question 25

REVIEW VALENCE ELECTRONS (A.6)

Answer 25

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Question 26

REVIEW APPENDIX D.9-D.11

Answer 26

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