Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Past MCQs > high risk ops > Flashcards

high risk ops Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following is FALSE regarding nitric oxide (NO)?

a. Nitric oxide contracts vascular and uterine smooth muscle
b. Nitric oxide acts via cGMP
c. Nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) inhibitors do NOT increase uterine contractile activity in animal studies, suggesting no role for nitric oxide in maintaining uterine quiescence
d. Nitric oxide is released by immune cells in response to inflammatory stimuli

A

a. Nitric oxide contracts vascular and uterine smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thyroid hormone

a. Must be present for the fetus to grow normally
b. Is active in the fetus as rT3
c. Is necessary for shivering thermogenesis, but not non-shivering
d. Has increased concentrations after birth because of a TSH surge

A

d. Has increased concentrations after birth because of a TSH surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of placenta sulphatase deficiency

a. Abnormal serum screening for Down Syndrome
b. Low bishop score at term
c. Icthyosis
d. Autosomal recessive inheritance
e. Prolonged pregnancy

A

d. Autosomal recessive inheritance

X-linked ichthyosis = scaly baby
X-linked inborn error of metabolism
placental SSD is associated with pregnancies progressing beyond 40 weeks gestation, with less than a third of the pregnancies affected by placental SSD laboring spontaneously.
The majority of reported cases ended in induction of labor and/or cesarean delivery.
increased rate of failure to respond to endogenous or intravenous oxytocin and failure of cervical dilatation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

During placental development

a. Complete fetoplacental circulation is developed by 5-6 weeks post conception
b. Endovascular migration by cytotrophoblasts proceeds in two waves that are complete by 8-10 weeks gestation
c. Uteroplacental blood flow is 200-250mL/min at term
d. Fetal blood flows to the placenta through paired umbilical arteries and a vein, and reaches 350-400mL/min average

A

a. Complete fetoplacental circulation is developed by 5-6 weeks post conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which is NOT true of monozygotic twins

a. 30% are DCDA
b. 25% of twins are monozygotic
c. Placental vascular anastomoses are present in 95% of Monochorionic twins
d. Splitting prior to day 8 results in DCDA twins, after day 8 results in Monochorionic twins
e. Monochorionic twins occur approximately 1 in 400 births.

A

d. Splitting prior to day 8 results in DCDA twins, after day 8 results in Monochorionic twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which is autosomal recessive?

a. Huntingtons
b. Marfans
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Adult onset PCKD

A

c. Cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A man with an X linked recessive condition has a child to a normal homozygous woman. They have two children. The chance that BOTH children have the disease is

a. 0
b. 1/8
c. 1/4
d. ½

A

a. 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amniocentesis reveals a karyotype 47XXY. Which of the following descriptions is INACCURATE for an adult with this condition?

a. Serious intellectual disability
b. Tall stature
c. Elevated FSH
d. Female fat distribution

A

a. Serious intellectual disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is FALSE regarding the hormone relaxin in pregnancy?

a. It is structurally related to growth hormone
b. The corpus luteum is the most important source of circulating relaxin
c. The absence of relaxin doesn’t seem to have clinical sequelae
d. Recombinant human relaxin is not an effective cervical ripening agent

A

a. It is structurally related to growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crossing over of chromosomes occurs during

a. Metaphase 1
b. Mitotic prophase
c. Meiotic prophase 1
d. Meiotic prophase 2

A

c. Meiotic prophase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which inherited genetic condition is most common?

a. Cystic Fibrosis
b. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy
c. Tay-Sachs
d. Phenylketonuria

A

a. Cystic Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During gestation, amniotic fluid

a. Osmolality increases to become isosmotic with plasma at term
b. Becomes progressively hyposmolar, with lower concentrations of K, Na, Cl than in maternal plasma
c. Is formed in late gestation, with almost equal contribution from fetal lungs and fetal urine
d. Volume is regulated by fetal swallowing which commences after keratinisation of fetal skin

A

b. Becomes progressively hyposmolar, with lower concentrations of K, Na, Cl than in maternal plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alpha feto protein concentration in the amniotic fluid will be elevated in each condition EXCEPT

a. A dead fetus
b. A fetus with spina bifida occulta
c. A fetus with a myelomeningocele
d. Contamination of amniotic fluid with fetal red cells
e. A fetus with exomphalos

A

b. A fetus with spina bifida occulta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is FALSE?

a. Base deficit is defined as the bicarbonate ion concentration below normal
b. After bicarbonate, Hb is the next most important acid base buffer for the fetus
c. Increase in the anion gap is commonly seen in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
d. The fetal oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the right compared to an adult

A

d. The fetal oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the right compared to an adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The mode on inheritance of cystic fibrosis is

a. Autosomal recessive
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Sex linked recessive
d. Sex linked dominant
e. Polygenic

A

a. Autosomal recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which one of the following statements concerning TTTS is LEAST CORRECT

a. In stage 1 TTTS there is polyhydramnios, stage 2 empty bladder of the donor twin, stage 3 absent/reversed umbilical arterial doppler waveform, stage 4 fetal hydrops, stage 5 fetal death of one or both twins
b. The presence of increased arterial-arterial anastomoses on the surface of the placenta is associated with an increased risk of TTTS
c. Survival in TTTS is approximately 30% untreated, 50% if treatment is available
d. Serious disability still occurs in approximately 10% of TTTS survivors treated with laser coagulation (where both twins are survivors)

A

b. The presence of increased arterial-arterial anastomoses on the surface of the placenta is associated with an increased risk of TTTS

17
Q

In the human fetus, behavioural state 2F is characterised by

a. Breathing and eye movements with frequent accelerations of the heart rate
b. Absent eye and breathing movements with minimal variability of the heart rate
c. Infrequent body movements but continued breathing and eye movements
d. Occuring most of the time by term gestation

A

a. Breathing and eye movements with frequent accelerations of the heart rate
- like REM sleep

1F - quiet sleep
2F - active sleep

18
Q

A 28yo G2P1 is referred at 36+2 weeks gestation with BP 150/100, proteinuria, headache, and upper abdominal discomfort. The AST is 100. She has no history of pre-eclampsia in the previous pregnancy. Your NEXT step is:

a. Induction of labour as soon as possible
b. Discharge patient home and ask the LMC to check the blood pressure next week
c. Arrange a growth scan
d. Arrange BP in 48 hours along with CTG and repeat bloods.

A

a. Induction of labour as soon as possible

19
Q

In advising a woman on whether she should continue the pregnancy to 42 weeks or be induced at 41 weeks, which of the following is FALSE?

a. The Canadian randomised trial (Hannah et al) showed that induction of labour increases the likelihood of Caesarean section
b. Waiting is likely to be associated with a higher perinatal mortality
c. If the Bishop score is <5, intravaginal prostaglandins will be recommended
d. An ultrasound will be indicated if she elects to wait

A

a. The Canadian randomised trial (Hannah et al) showed that induction of labour increases the likelihood of Caesarean section

20
Q

Which is FALSE regarding multi-fetal reduction

a. Reducing triplets to twins between 10 and 14 weeks gestation leads to a rate of miscarriage of both twins of approximately 8 percent
b. KCl and xylocaine are alternative agents to use for selective feticide
c. Reducing triplets to twins between 10 and 14 weeks gestation is associated with an increase in mean gestation at delivery
d. Reducing triplets to twins between 10 and 14 weeks gestation is associated with a reduction in perinatal mortality

A

d. Reducing triplets to twins between 10 and 14 weeks gestation is associated with a reduction in perinatal mortality

D is the correct answer in official MCQ Feb 2011

RANZCOG online questions
Reducing triplets to twins at 10-14 weeks gestation is NOT associated with a reduction in perinatal mortality.

21
Q

A 20yo G1P0 has DCDA twins diagnosed at 18 weeks. All of the following should normally form part of the subsequent management of this pregnancy EXCEPT:

a. Ultrasound at 26-30 weeks, and again at 34-35 weeks
b. Iron and folic acid supplementation
c. Prophylactic corticosteroids with betamethasone due to the risk of preterm labour
d. The need to present early if painful uterine contractions occur prior to 34 weeks

A

c. Prophylactic corticosteroids with betamethasone due to the risk of preterm labour

22
Q

Which is false regarding atosiban?

a. RCT’s show similar efficacy to beta sympathomimetics in delaying delivery by 48 hours
b. RCT’s show better maternal tolerance of side effects in comparison to beta sympathomimetics
c. RCT’s suggest that atosiban has a higher perinatal mortality than salbutamol when used at extremely premature gestations
d. RCT’s suggest that atosiban has similar efficacy to beta sympathomimetics in the prevention of preterm birth
e. Atosiban is an inhibitor of oxytocin secretion by the neurohypophysis

A

e. Atosiban is an inhibitor of oxytocin secretion by the neurohypophysis

tocolytic agent

The oxytocin receptor antagonist, atosiban, may be used for the inhibition of uncomplicated premature labour between 24 and 33 weeks of gestation. Atosiban may be preferable to a beta2 agonist because it has fewer adverse effects.

23
Q

Factors that are associated with an incompetent cervix include all of the following EXCEPT

a. In utero exposure to DES
b. Cervical laceration
c. Cervical infection
d. Cervical cone biopsy

A

c. Cervical infection

DES causes reproductive tract abnormalities to women exposed in utero
- miscarriages, PTB, ectopic pregnancy

24
Q

A 22yo woman at 32 weeks presents with painful uterine contractions and 200mL APH. Fundus is smaller than dates, she has pain between contractions. If this is due to drug exposure in utero, the likely culprit is

a. Heroin
b. Cocaine
c. Caffeine
d. Cannabis
e. Alcohol

A

b. Cocaine

25
Q

Which of the following congenital malformations below is MOST LIKELY to be associated with oligohydramnios?

a. Duodenal atresia
b. Unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction
c. Gastroschisis
d. Posterior urethral valves

A

d. Posterior urethral valves

26
Q

In placebo-controlled RCT’s, beta sympathomimetics have been shown most convincingly to:

a. Lower risk of preterm birth
b. Lower risk of birth within 48 hours
c. Lower perinatal mortality
d. Cause higher birthweight

A

b. Lower risk of birth within 48 hours

27
Q

Which of the following statements about GBS infection is FALSE?

a. The major reservoir of organisms is the gastrointestinal tract
b. 5-10% of women who are negative at 28 weeks will be positive at term
c. A serious neonatal infection will occur in 5% of GBS carriers
d. It causes 5-10% of maternal asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

c. A serious neonatal infection will occur in 5% of GBS carriers

17-25% of women who screen positive for GBS at 35-37 weeks will be negative for GBS at delivery

Many women carry the bacteria, and in the majority of cases, babies born safely and without developing infection

28
Q

The MOST FREQUENT site of colonisation with GBS is

a. Lower vagina
b. Cervix
c. Pharynx
d. Lower intestinal tract

A

d. Lower intestinal tract

29
Q

An 18yo G3P0 presents at 21/40 with pain and bleeding. She has had 2x previous terminations. She is found to be 8cm dilated, fetus in transverse lie, back uppermost, arms and legs presenting. Which is the MOST APPROPRIATE management:

a. Internal podalic version, breech extraction
b. ECV under beta-mimetic infusions
c. Destructive embryotomy
d. Take no specific action

A

d. Take no specific action

30
Q

A multipara presents at 38 weeks with spontaneous rupture of membranes 20 hours ago and early labour. She has had no antenatal care. She is afebrile with a normal CTG. The best GBS prophylaxis is:

a. 1 gram IM ampicillin stat
b. 500mg po erythromycin every 6 hours
c. 1.2 grams IV benzylpenicillin stat
d. GBS prophylaxis is not required

A

c. 1.2 grams IV benzylpenicillin stat

31
Q

Which is most likely to occur within the next week in a woman with PPROM at 30 weeks

a. Sealing of the leak
b. Chorioamnionitis
c. Labour
d. Malpresentation
e. Cord prolapse

A

c. Labour

32
Q

Which of the following increases the risk of preterm birth?

a. Periodontal disease
b. Endodontal disease
c. Dental caries
d. Impacted wisdom teeth

A

a. Periodontal disease

33
Q

All of the following increase the risk of preterm birth EXCEPT:

a. Hyperemesis gravidarum
b. Bleeding in the first trimester
c. Oligohydramnios
d. Placenta previa
e. Multiple gestation

A

a. Hyperemesis gravidarum

34
Q

In a low risk population undergoing routine ultrasound screening, the LOWEST rate of detection of abnormalities is usually found for abnormalities of which system?

a. Gastrointestinal
b. Cardiac
c. CNS
d. Genitourinary
e. Skeletal

A

b. Cardiac

35
Q

A 35yo G1P0 is referred by a GP at around 30 weeks gestation. USS is performed to check fetal growth. AFI is 35, deepest vertical pocket 15cm. Which congenital anomaly is the LEAST LIKELY to be associated with this finding?

a. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
b. Myotonic dystrophy
c. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
d. Hydrocephaly

A

a. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

36
Q

Which of the following statements about stillbirth is INCORRECT

a. The rate of stillbirth is increased with a true knot in the cord
b. In the 41st week, the rate of stillbirth is approximately the same as in the 38th week
c. Approximately 1/500 women will have a stillbirth at or beyond 38 weeks gestation
d. In each week of pregnancy between 26 and 40 weeks, the rate of stillbirth is around 0.03%

A

b. In the 41st week, the rate of stillbirth is approximately the same as in the 38th week

Past MCQs (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions