high risk medications Flashcards
risk of high risk medications
-higher potential for harm
-more devastating consequences
-requires additional precautions (indep double check, automatic stop dates, tall man lettering)
when can errors occur
-prescribing
-dispensing
-administering
-monitoring
what are inotropes
-inotropic drugs are high risk meds that affect the force or energy of muscular contractions, particularly contraction of the heart muscle
-improves CO and tissue perfusion
what is a positive inotrope
increases the force of myocardial contraction
-inc CO by inc SV by increasing preload, afterload, and contractility
-drug of choice d/t dec side effects
what conditions are positive inotropes used in
-cardiogenic shock
-severe heart failure
-cardio surgery pts
what drugs are positive inotropes
-digoxin
-dobutamine
-dopamine
what are negative inotropes
reduce the force of myocardial contraction to reduce straining of heart muscle
what conditions are negative inotropes used with
-hypertension
-heart failure
-chest pain
-arrythmias
examples of negative inotropes
B-blockers
Ca2+ channel blockers
antiarrhythmics
how are pressors different from inotropes
pressors cause vasoconstriction (inc SVR) to ELEVATE map
inotropes increase contractility to MAINTAIN map
what do alpha vasopressors do
increase contractility d/y vasoocnstriction
what do beta vasopressors do
increase heart rate, conduction of the AV node, and force of contraction
how are pressors and inotropes given
infusion via CVAD d/t risk of extravasation in peripheral IV
why do inotropes require a continous infusion
onset of <2s and duration of <10s
what is needed for administration of inotropes
-indep double check
-compatible fluids (D5, NS, 1/2 Ns &D5)
-Iv label (high alert, flow rate, time, 2 signitures)
