high levels of preventable chronic disease, injury and mental health problems Flashcards
Cardiovascular Disease
- Disease of the heart, arteries, veins or capillaries
- Males are more likely than females to die from the disease
- Morbidity: Decreasing
- Mortality: Increasing
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM (8)
- Atherosclerosis
- Arteriosclerosis
- Coronary Heart Disease
- Heart Attack
- Angina Pectoris
- Stroke
- Heart Failure
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: ARTHEROSCLEROSIS
- Build up of fatty or fibrous material on the interior walls of the arteries
- Hinders blood flow and increase blood pressure
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
- Arteries to harden and become less elastic
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: CORONARY HEART DISEASE
- Manifests as a heart attack or angina
- Leading cause of death for males
- Morbidity: Decreasing
- Mortality: Decreasing by more than one third due to reduction in risk factors and improved medical care
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: HEART ATTACK
- Caused by complete closure of a coronary artery, atherosclerosis or a blood clot
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: ANGINA PECTORIS
- Chest pain that occurs when the heart has an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: STROKE
- A blockage of the blood flow to the brain
- Occurs from an interruption of blood clot or burst blood vessel
- Morbidity: Decreasing
- Mortality: Decreasing
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: HEART FAILURE
- Inability to cater for the demands placed on heart during everyday life
Cardiovascular Disease: NATURE OF PROBLEM: PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
- Reduced blood flow to the legs and feet
- Can lead amputation of foot
Cardiovascular Disease: THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM
- Second leading cause of death according to AIHW (Australian Institution of Health and Welfare)
- 1 in 6 Australians are affected
Cardiovascular Disease: RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
NON-MODIFIABLE
- Men more affected then women due to women’s oestrogen
- Family history
MODIFIABLE
- Smoking double risks
- Physical inactivity
PROTECTIVE
- Regular physical activity
- Avoid exposure to tobacco
Cardiovascular Disease: SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS
- ATSI are more at risk due to low education and socioeconomic levels
- Asian are low at risk due to generally low fat diet
- Family
- Peers
- Media
- Religion
- Culture
Cardiovascular Disease: SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS
- Low income limits purchasing health foods and access to exercise facilities
- Income
- Education
- Employment
Cardiovascular Disease: ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS
- People living in rural areas have less access to health information, health services and technology
Cardiovascular Disease: GROUPS AT RISK
- Smokers have much higher rates
- People with low socioeconomic status, have a 40% higher death rate
Cancer
- Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal body cells
- Incidence rates of certain types of cancer are increasing
Cancer: EXTENT OF PROBLEM
- One in two Australians will develop cancer before 85
- Mortality rate fell slightly due to lifestyle changes, increased knowledge and early detection
- Occurs most frequently in males, except middle aged females due to cervix, breast and ovary cancer
Lung Cancer
- 10 times more likely developing lung cancer among smokers than non-smokers
- Morbidity: None
- Morality: Decreasing for males and increasing in females
Breast Cancer
- Second most common cause of cancer-related death for women
- Regular self examination (women over 30) and mammographic screening (women over 50)
- Morbidity: None
- Mortality: Decreasing
Skin Cancer
- Incidence due to prolonged exposure to UV radiation
- 50% of lifetime exposure occurs in early childhood
- Morbidity: Increasing
- Mortality: None
Cancer: RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
LUNG CANCER RISK
- Tobacco smoking
- Air pollution
LUNG CANCER PROTECTION
- Avoid tobacco
BREAST CANCER RISK
- Family history
- High fat diet
- Early onset menstruation
BREAST CANCER PROTECTION
- Diet high in fruits and vegetables
- Self-examination
SKIN CANCER RISK
- Fair skin, red hair, blue eyes
- High number of hours in sun
SKIN CANCER PROTECTION
- Avoid sun exposure
- Sunscreen, hat, sunglasses
Cancer: SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS
- Family history
- ATSI have higher rates due to smoking
Cancer: SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANT
- Occupation may be exposed to chemicals causing lung cancer
- Life guards may get sun cancer
- Low socioeconomic status can limit health purchases such as fruit and vegetables
Cancer: ENVIRONEMENTAL DETERMINANT
- People living in rural areas have less access to health information, health services and technology
Cancer: GROUPS AT RISK
- Rural and remote people have higher mortality rates
- ATSI are 10% more likely to be diagnosed and have 50% higher mortality rates
Injury
- Falls
- Transport accidents
- Self harm
Injury: EXTENT OF PROBLEM
- Injury death rate has remained overall constant
- External causes of injury death the rates have been declining
Injury: RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: FALLS
RISK
- Elderly
- Poor balance
PROTECTIVE
- Harness
- WHS regulations
Injury: RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: TRANSPORT
RISK
- Speed
- Drinking
PROTECTIVE
- Wearing helmet
- Seatbelt
Injury: RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: SELF HARM
RISK
- Mental health issues
- Unemployment
PROTECTIVE
- Positive self talk
- Employment
Injury: SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS
- Risk taking amongst youths
- Young males have highest suicide fatality rate
Injury: SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS
- More likely to suffer serious injury if employed in dangerous work
- Less likely to afford new model cars with higher road safety ratings
Injury: GROUPS AT RISK
- ATSI have higher rates for transport and drug related injury
- Elderly
- Children
