hidayah Flashcards

1
Q

what time does fajr start and end?

A

Fajr starts when the fajr-asani rises and that is mutharid* , and fajr ends when sunrise occurs

*mutharid = whiteness appears on the sky

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2
Q

how do we know that there are two times for each salah?

A

the hadith of imam jibrael says : “He did imamat of the salah with the prophet in it. On the first day he did it when the sunrised and on the second day he did it when it was close to being very bright.” Then he said (at the end of the hadith) “What is between these two times is for you and your ummah”

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3
Q

define ابتداء

A

salaah beginning time

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4
Q

define اخر

A

salaah finish time

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5
Q

define طلوع اشمس

A

sunrise

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6
Q

define غرب اشمس

A

sunset

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7
Q

define مشرق

A

place of sunrise

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8
Q

define مغرب

A

place of sunset

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9
Q

why do we learn the timings of salaah in terms of shadows?

A

this is an universal concept, so we use this basic knowledge to calculate salaah timings anywhere in the word

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10
Q

comment on timing of maghrib salaah, in relation to hadith of imam jibrael.

A

you should read maghrib as soon as possible, and as soon as it starts - this is because imam jibra’il read maghrib salaah at the same time on both days

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11
Q

what is the end timing of zuhr?
what is the opinion of Abu Hanifa and Imam Yusuf & Mohammad?

what conclusion can you make from both of these opinions?

A

According to Abu Hanifa, the last time of zuhr is when the shadow of everything becomes double ; the time for zuhr is longer.

According to Imam Yusuf and Mohammad, the last time of zuhr is when the shadow of everything is equal ; the time for zuhr is shorter.

in some cases, the students of Abu Hanifa (Imam Yusuf and Imam Mohammad) have different thoughts/opinions even though they have been taught from Abu Hanifa

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12
Q

what is the start timing of zuhr?
what is the daleel of this?

A

the beginning time of zuhr is when the sun moves to ‘maghrib’.
daleel = hadith of imam jibra’il - on the first day, when the sun moves towards ‘maghrib’ .

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13
Q

what is meant by زوال?

A

sun going down

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14
Q

what is meant by نصف النهر?
how can you tell that it is نصف النهر?

A

midday / half of the day
signs:
- nothing has a shadow
- lasts for 10-15 mins

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15
Q

what is the arabic term for when everything has a shadow?

A

ظل

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16
Q

what is the arabic term for when the shadow of everything doubles?
when does this happen?

A

مثليه
as the sun goes towards ‘maghrib’

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17
Q

what are the 3 makruh times - اوقات ثلاثة مكرهه ?
why are these times makruh?

A
  1. طلو شمس - sunrise
  2. نصف النهر - midday / half of day
  3. غروب شمس - sunset

SUNRISE - a red sun rises and satan comes in front of the sun and says “people are worshipping me”
MIDDAY - hellfire is more increased / exhausted
SUNSET - the satan comes in front of the sun and says “people are worshipping me”

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18
Q

how do we know that these times are makruh?

A

هديث عقبة
Ibn Umar narrated that, “there are 3 times in which prophet (saw) forbade us, and that we should not pray and that we should not bury in it our deads (i.e janazah salah). This is when the sunrises until it rises properly, and when it goes down until it goes down properly, and while the sun is changing for sunset until it sets properly

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19
Q

what is the only exception for the makruh salah timings, and why?

A

asr salah
because it is better to read it in a makruh time than to make it qadah

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20
Q

when is it makruh to read nafl salah?

A
  • fajr to sunrise
  • asr to sunset
    however, it is permissible to read any missed salah in these times or do sajadah talawat or janazah salah
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21
Q

what is sajadah talawat?

A

14 ayahs in the quraan where you should do sajadah
these ayahs are called ayat-e-sajadah

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22
Q

what is the islamic and literal meaning of adhaan?

A

islamic - when the time of salaah has come and you say some specific words/phrases in a specific order

literal - announcement

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23
Q

can we say that it is biddah that there is another adhaan on friday?

A

no because biddah means a new innovation in islam however this is not a new innovation because it was introduced by Hazrat Uthman Ghazy

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24
Q

describe the story of the introduction of the adhaan

A

in the fifth year of prophethood, when the prophet (saw) went on miraaj, Allah gave the order of salaah. When the prophet was in Makkah, he was oppressed and couldn’t read salah openly due to the enemies distracting and torturing him. Then, Hazrat Umar accepted Islam and was brave and held his sword and scared the enemies, so that the prophet and the sahabah could pray peacefully in masjid-e-haram. They migrated to Madinah and found peace in praying there.

One day, they had a meeting to discuss about how to let people know about jamaat time. One person suggested to go on a mountain and invite people (1), another said to burn fire (2), another said to do drumming (5), and one said to blow into a horn (4). This idea was taken into consideration. After this, the fourth option was finalised.

Abdullah bin Zaid (a sahabi), he said “When the horn was finalised, I was sleeping and I was dreaming. I saw in the dream a person holding a horn, I said to him, ‘Are you going to sell it?’ The person asked, ‘What are you going to do with it?’ I said, ‘We will use it to call people for salah.’ The person said, ‘Shall I tell you something better than it?’ I replied, ‘Of course.’ Then the person said the words of the adhaan, and said to say the same for iqamat but add 2 sentences

Abdullah bin Zaid came to prophet (saw) and told him his dream ; the prophet said, “Your dream is right inshallah ; go to bilal and teach these words to him.” Bilal delivered the adhaan and people heard it, including Umar whilst being in his house. Umar came quickly, and said, “I swear by the one who has sent you with the truth, I have seen the same dream as Abdullah.” Then, the prophet said, “Alhamdulilah”

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25
Q

why did the prophet choose Bilal (rad) to deliver the adhaan?

A

this is because he has a loud voice

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26
Q

how many other sahabah had the same dream as Abdullah?

A

17

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27
Q

how many sentences are in adhaan?

A

15
17 in fajr

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28
Q

how many adhaans are there per day?

A

saturday –> thursday = 5 adhaans
friday = 6 adhaans

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29
Q

what are the two extra sentences in fajr and when are they said?

A

الصلاة خير من النوم x2

these are said after “haya ‘alal fal’a”

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30
Q

what should you do if you miss salah?

A
  • you should do qadah and tawbah (when you do qadah salah you only read fardh parts of salah)
  • some scholars say that if you miss salah, you should only do istighfar ; these people are called “ahlul hadees” and they do not follow logic. However, in this matter, they are against their own belief
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31
Q

describe the story of how the 2 sentences of fajr were introduced?

A

When Bilal found the prophet (saw) sleeping, Bilal said, “الصلاة خير من النوم.” When the prophet woke up he said, “ما أ حسن هذا يا بلال!, put it in your adhaan”

So this is specifically said in fajr salaah because it is the time of sleeping an not realising

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32
Q

what is the difference between iqamah and adhaan?

A

IQAMAH :
- has قد قامت الصلاة twice
- fast

ADHAAN:
- read slowly

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33
Q

what is the daleel of doing qadah of missed salaah?

A
  1. sahabah and prophet were travelling and stopped somewhere to rest. Prophet feared that if they slept that they would miss fajr salaah, however Bilal reassured them that he would stay awake and do adhaan for them. He reclined on something but tried his best not to sleep but he still slept. When it was sunrise, prophet (saw) awoke and then Bilal did the adhaan and all the sahabah read qadah of fajr salah
  2. In Ghazwa Khandaq (the Battle of Ahzab/Trenches), 4 salah were missed whilst the prophet and sahabah were digging the trench, so they did qadah of these 4 salahs
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34
Q

what is the first condition to praying salah?
what is the daleel for this?

A
  • it is fardh upon the praying person that he should be clean from any impurity an cleaned from najaas
    Allah (SWT) says: “وثيابك فطهر” = “so keep your clothes pure”
    Allah (SWT) also says: “وان كنتم جنب فاطهروا” = “and if you are interactive purify yourself”
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35
Q

Allah (SWT) only says to keep your clothes pure, so how do we know that we are meant to keep our body clean aswell?

A

it is more important to keep your body clean than your clothes because it has a higher rank

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36
Q

what is the second condition for praying salah?
what is the daleel for this?

A
  • to cover yourself
    Allah (SWT) says: “خذواْ زينتكم عند كل مسجد” = “have your zinat covered at the time of every single salah”
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37
Q

what is the arabic term for “things you have to cover”?

A

عورة

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38
Q

define كشف ستر

A

things that are uncovered but should be covered

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39
Q

if a part that should be covered is uncovered, what is the consequence?

A

you have to workout the measurements of every body part individually.
if a quarter or third of that body part is uncovered, you should repeat your salah. If it is less than a quarter you do not need to repeat your salah.

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40
Q

what is the opinion of Abu Hanifa, Imam Mohammad and Imam Yusuf on a body part of a woman being uncovered whilst praying?

A

According to Abu Hanifa, if a woman prays and a quarter of her leg (calf) is uncovered or a third, then she should repeat her salah

According to Imam Mohammad, if a woman prays and the part of her uncovered calf is less than a quarter, she should not repeat her salah.

According to Imam Yusuf, if a woman prays and the part of her uncovered calf is less than a half she should not repeat it.

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41
Q

what is the ruling on impure clothes in relation to praying?

A
  • you should have pure and clean clothes on when praying
  • however, if you only have one pair of clothes, and they are impure then you should offer salah with you impure clothes.
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42
Q

what is the ruling on witr salah?

A

witr is:
- waajib, according to Abu Hanifa
- sunnah, according to Imam Yusuf and Mohammad

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43
Q

how many rakats does witr salah have?

A

3 rakats
- you have to read these 3 rakats all together and not seperately as prophet (saw) used to read them together

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44
Q

what is different about witr compared to other salahs?

A
  • you read dua qunoot in the 3rd rakat before ruku
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45
Q

what is sajdah sahw?
how do you do sajdah sahw?

A

if you make a mistake in salaah (i.e adding a step or forgetting a step) then you should do sajdah sahw.

it is 2 sajdahs after the salaam
- you should read tashahud and then do salaam

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46
Q

what is the ruling of salaah on a sick person?
what is the daleel of this?

A

when a sick person is unable to stand, he should pray whilst sitting, and just do ruku and sajdah

Prophet (saw) said to Imran bin Husain : “Pray while standing. If you can’t do it, then pray while standing. If you can’t pray while sitting, pray while lying, and do isha’ra of ruku and sajdah.”

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47
Q

what is meant by isha’ra?

A

gesture / signs

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48
Q

what are the two types of miswaak?

A
  1. dry
  2. fresh - has more flavour
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49
Q

what is the ruling of moustache of men and women?

A

MEN - keep it short, so that if they eat or drink something it should not touch the moustache hair

WOMEN - it is mustahab to remove it

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50
Q

what is the ruling of the beard?

A

it is sunnah to keep a beard as ALL the prophets did
- it should be as long as one’s fist

51
Q

what is the ruling of miswaak on a fasting person?

A

there is nothing bad if someone uses a fresh miswaak, in the morning or the evening for a fasting person
Prophet (saw) said : “The best toothpick for the fasting person is miswaak.”

52
Q

what is the ruling of surma and applying oil on a fasting person?

A

there is nothing bad in doing both of these things
* applying oil on hair

53
Q

what is the ruling if someone is sick on a fasting person?

A

if someone is sick in ramadan, and he fears if he fasts his illness will increase he should leave it and do qadah

54
Q

what is the ruling of a traveller in ramadan?

A

if someone is a traveller and fasting is of no harm to him, then he should fast - this is the best.
However, if he leaves the fast then this is permissible

55
Q

what happens when a sick person or traveller dies straight after ramadan?

A

when dies an ill person or traveller - both of them, they were in their situation so qadah is not waajib upon them. This is because both of them they did not get the chance to count for the other days.

56
Q

what is the ruling on hajj?

A

waajib

57
Q

who is hajj waajib upon?
شرا لطلهج = the conditions of hajj

A
  1. الاهرار = free person
  2. بالغين = mature
  3. عقل = mentally stable
  4. لأصهاء = physically healthy
  5. قدروا على الزاد و الراهلق فا ضلا
  6. الطريق امنا = having a safe journey
  7. المهرم = having a mehram - THIS IS FOR WOMEN ONLY
58
Q

is hajj fardh every year of just once?

A

just once, so whoever does more than that is extra

59
Q

how many types of ibadah are there?
what are they? Give an example.

A
  1. بدني = related to body
    e.g = salah , sawm
  2. مالى = related to money
    e.g = zakat
  3. مركب = compound / combined
    e.g = hajj
60
Q

define اقسام العباة

A

types of ibadah

61
Q

what is the ruling on women doing hajj?
how do we know this?

what is imam shafi’s opinion on this?

A
  • a women has to travel with a mahram to perform Hajj - with her son, husband, father ect.
  • it is not permissible to perform hajj without him when between the women’s accommodation and makkah is 3 days of travel
  • the prophet (saw) said : “A women can never perform hajj unless she has a mahram.”

Imam Shafi’y says: “ It is permissible that a woman performs hajj when she is in a group, and with her is a responsible women, and will bring more ease going in a group.”
WHY : for safety and protection

62
Q

define مَهْرَمْ

A

someone you cannot marry

63
Q

define مُهَرَّم

A

someone who you cannot do nikkah with because of a reason

64
Q

define مُهْرِم

A

someone who is wearing ihram

65
Q

where is hajj performed?

A

حِلْ

66
Q

where is umrah performed?

A

حَرَم

67
Q

where did Allah create the earth from?

A
  • a dot
  • the dot started at the kaabah the mosque around - it is called masjid-al-haraam
68
Q

what is حِلْ?

A

the place between the mawaqeet and haram

69
Q

what is a ميقات?

A

a place where it is impermissible for a person to go past it unless he is in a state of ihram for UMRAH

70
Q

what is the plural for ميقات?

A

المواقيت

71
Q

what are the 5 المواقيت?

A
  1. people of madinah = ذو الحليفة
  2. people of iraq = ذات عرق
  3. people of sham = جحفة
  4. people of najad = قرن
  5. people of yemen = يلملم
72
Q

who has prescribed these points?
what is the ruling on these points?

A

prophet (saw)
- it is forbidden to extend the ihram from this point
- it is permissible to wear ihram before this point

73
Q

what is the ruling of wearing ihram for somebody who is living in حِلْ?

A

whoever is living inside the mikaat or lives in حِلْ means that حِلْ is the place between the miqaat and حَرَم, then his ihram starts there.
he can wear his ihram from his house

74
Q

what is the ruling of wearing ihram for somebody who is in Jeddah?

A

Jeddah is in حِلْ, so you can wear your ihram from there.
- there is no need to go back to madinah.

75
Q

what is the ruling when you forget to wear ihram at the place of miqaat?

A
  • you have to do kaffarah of one lamb
  • you have to give it in حَرَم
  • you are not allowed to give it anywhere else because you committed in حَرَم
76
Q

what is the ruling of wearing ihram for somebody who is in makkah?

A

if you want to do umrah and you live in makkah then you need to go out of makkah and go to حِلْ then do your ihraam

77
Q

what should one do when he intends to wear ihram?

A
  • do ghusl or wudhu
  • wear 2 new or washed piece of cloth
  • wear perfume
  • read 2 rakat
  • read the dua
  • then recite talbiyah
78
Q

what is the dua that one should recite when in the process of wearing ihraam?
give the translation

A

اللَّهم إنى اريد الحج فيسره لي و تقبله مني

O Allah, I intend to do hajj, make it easy for me and accept it from me

79
Q

what is talbiyah?
give the translation?

A

لبيك اللَّهم لبيك , لبيك لا شريك لك لبيك , إن الحمد و النعمة لك والملك, لاشريك لك

Here I am at your service, Oh lord here I am, here I am. There is no partner for you, here I am. Indeed, all praise, favours, kingdom is for you. There is no partner for you.

80
Q

what is the background story of talbiyah?

A

Ibrahim and Isma’il built the Kaabah. After they built it, Allah said, “Bring people for hajj.” Ibrahim said, “How can my voice reach everyone.” Allah (SWT) said : “It is my responsibility to call people.” Ibrahim said, “Of course.” so he went to the kaabah and said in a loud voice, “Allah has invited you to pray here.” Everyone from the skies, heavens and including people who weren’t born yet, said “I am present.”

81
Q

what does ممنوعات احرام mean?

A

things that are not allowed whilst in ihram - for HAJJ

82
Q

what are the ممنوعات احرام?

A
  1. الرفث - husband and wife relationship or talking about it
  2. الفسق - sins - worse when wearing ihram (lying, cheating)
  3. الجدال - fighting / argument
83
Q

what are you not allowed to do whilst doing tawaf in relation to kaabah?
why?

A
  • you are not allowed to look at the kaabah whilst doing tawaf
  • this is because you are supposed to be worshipping the lord of the kaabah and not the kaabah itself.
84
Q

what part of the body can the cloth of the ihram not touch?

A

men and women should not cover their face with a cloth, it cannot touch their face during ihram

85
Q

what other things are not allowed whilst in the state of ihram?

A
  • no fragrance
  • no oil
  • no shirts, trousers, turbans or leather socks
  • men shouldn’t cover their heads
  • sexual relation
  • sins
  • fighting
  • hunting
  • women shouldn’t cover their faces with any cloth while sleeping
86
Q

can you have shower while in ihram?

A

yes

87
Q

what should women be careful of whilst in the state of ihram, in relation to their hair?
what is the consequence if this happens?

A

as a woman be sure to not brush your hair during ihram
- you are not allowed to break your hair
- keep it in a plait

if this does happen, you must pay some kaffarah

88
Q

are you allowed to use hair products in the state of ihram?

A

yes

89
Q

what are the times and places of talbiyah?

A
  • after every salah
  • when he climbs up
  • when he goes own
  • when he meets someone else in muhreem
90
Q

when someone enters makkah, what should be the first thing he does and why?

A

he should start in the masjid - this is because the main purpose is to visit the house of allah

he should say takbeer and shahada

he should start at الحجر الأسود and go straight and say takbeer and shahada (tahleel)

91
Q

what is استلام ?

A

you need to do this when starting tawaaf
- you kiss the الحجر الأسود if you have a chance. if not, you touch it. If not, use a stick.

92
Q

if you are not able to do استلام what should you do?

A

استقبله

93
Q

what is استقبله?

A

stand in front of the stone and hold you hands out, kiss your hands and read takbeer and then start your tawaaf

reading takbeer, tahleel and durood is sunnah.

94
Q

what act should you complete your tawaf with?

A

either استلام or استقبله

95
Q

what should you do when tawaf is complete?

A
  • come by the المقام and offer 2 rakat of salaah
  • if this is not possible you can do it in the masjid
  • this act is waajib according to Imam Abu Hanifa
  • after this, you must do استلام or استقبله of the stone
96
Q

what is one round of the kaabah called?

A

شوط

97
Q

when you complete seven rounds of the kaabah, what is this called?

A

طواف

98
Q

what is ramal?

A

when men are doing tawaaf, in the first 3 rounds they should stand with confidence and with their shoulder up and lifted like wrestlers.

99
Q

what is the backstory of ramal?

A

during migration from makkah to madinah, the muslims travelled whilst hiding, and in madinah they held no settlements. Because of this, a lot of muslims fell ill, and the people of madinah would mock them and they would say, “people fell sick because of the fever of Yasrak.” Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said to the muslims to show mushriqeen that you are strong and walk strongly.

100
Q

how many istalamaas are there in 1 tawaaf?

A

8

101
Q

what is the first tawaaf called?

A

طواف القدوم

102
Q

what is the المقام البراهيم?

A

this is when ibrahim stood on this stone when building the kaaba and his footprint got printed on this stone

103
Q

after completing tawaaf and praying 2 rakats, what should you do?

A
  • go towards safa and marwa
  • face towards the kabah and do istiqbal and takbeer and tahleel, and send salawats upon the prophet (saw).
  • raise your hands and make dua for all your needs (hold hands equal to shoulders, like a begger)
104
Q

what is this process called?

A

سعي

105
Q

describe the process of سعي

A
  • start on your right and go towards marwa
  • stay there and make dua towards the kaabah
  • this is one round ; marwa to safa is another round
    your سعي is complete at marwa
  • you should do 7 rounds
106
Q

what should you do when going down to marwa?

A
  • when going down to marwa walk at a regular pace
  • but when you reach in the middle, begin to run at the green light (الميليف الاخضرين) , then go back to walking at a regular pace
107
Q

what is the story behind running in between the two green lights?

A
  • hazrat hajra did this 7 times just in case she finds water
  • during the green light part, in this point hazrat hajra ran quicker because she could not see her son
  • she had hope in Allah
108
Q

what should you do after سعي?

A
  • you cut your hair for WOMEN
  • you shave your head or cut it short for MEN
109
Q

how much hair should you cut?

A

it is the length wrapped around your finger from the bottom

a minimum of 1/4 of your hair

110
Q

how many days of hajj are there and what are they?

A

5 days of hajj:
- 8th
- 9th
- 10th
- 11th
- 12th
of Dhul Hijjah

111
Q

what should the imam do before the 8th day of Dhul Hijjah?

A

give a khutbah and teach the people about the rulings of mina, salah, arafat, wuquf and ifaza

112
Q

describe the 8th day of Dhul Hijjah

A

at fajr salah on the day of tarwiya in Makkah, go towards Mina
- stay there until fajr salah and make way to Arfat

113
Q

where is Mina?

A

in Hil

114
Q

describe the 9th day of Dhul Hijjah

A
  • all the people who are doing hajj are either staying in Mina but they have to come to Arafat before zuhr.
  • they come and stay in arafat (this stay is called الوققف)
  • you have to read zuhr and asr combined at the time of zuhr
  • the time that you are in arafat, you spend in dua as much as possible
  • stay in arafat until maghrib but do not pray maghrib there
  • on the night of the 9th Dhul Hijjah, come to Muzdalifah
  • when you get to Muzdalifah, then combine maghrib and isha
  • pick up stones whilst you are here
  • spend the night here.
115
Q

what is the ركن of hajj?

A
  1. وقوت عرفت = staying in arafat
  2. طواف ضيرة = visit of tawaf
116
Q

define ركن

A

the obligatory part of something

117
Q

what happens if you miss a ركن?

A

your hajj is invalid

118
Q

describe the 10th day of Dhul Hijjah

A
  • after fajr come back to Mina
  • the first thing you do is stoning
    there are three places where you do stoning
  • on this day you only stone the first one
  • you must throw 7 stones and say Allahu Akbar each time
  • then come back to Mina
  • do Qurbani
  • once the Qurbani is done, you cut your hair
    NOW YOU ARE NO LONGER IN IHRAM
  • you need to come back to makkah and do tawaaf and then go back to MIna
119
Q

what is the place where you go to stone called?

A

جمرات

120
Q

describe the 11th day of Dhul Hijjah.

A
  • do stoning of all 3 places and 7 stones each (21 in total)
  • go back to Makkah
121
Q

describe the 12th day of Dhul Hijjah

A
  • do stoning again of all three places
  • go back to Makkah
122
Q

what is the timing of وقوت عرفت?

A

from zuhr till after sunset

123
Q

what is the consequence if you miss the طواف ضيرة?

A

give kaffarah
repeat Hajj - in the next year

124
Q

what is رمى?

A

stoning