hidayah Flashcards
what time does fajr start and end?
Fajr starts when the fajr-asani rises and that is mutharid* , and fajr ends when sunrise occurs
*mutharid = whiteness appears on the sky
how do we know that there are two times for each salah?
the hadith of imam jibrael says : “He did imamat of the salah with the prophet in it. On the first day he did it when the sunrised and on the second day he did it when it was close to being very bright.” Then he said (at the end of the hadith) “What is between these two times is for you and your ummah”
define ابتداء
salaah beginning time
define اخر
salaah finish time
define طلوع اشمس
sunrise
define غرب اشمس
sunset
define مشرق
place of sunrise
define مغرب
place of sunset
why do we learn the timings of salaah in terms of shadows?
this is an universal concept, so we use this basic knowledge to calculate salaah timings anywhere in the word
comment on timing of maghrib salaah, in relation to hadith of imam jibrael.
you should read maghrib as soon as possible, and as soon as it starts - this is because imam jibra’il read maghrib salaah at the same time on both days
what is the end timing of zuhr?
what is the opinion of Abu Hanifa and Imam Yusuf & Mohammad?
what conclusion can you make from both of these opinions?
According to Abu Hanifa, the last time of zuhr is when the shadow of everything becomes double ; the time for zuhr is longer.
According to Imam Yusuf and Mohammad, the last time of zuhr is when the shadow of everything is equal ; the time for zuhr is shorter.
in some cases, the students of Abu Hanifa (Imam Yusuf and Imam Mohammad) have different thoughts/opinions even though they have been taught from Abu Hanifa
what is the start timing of zuhr?
what is the daleel of this?
the beginning time of zuhr is when the sun moves to ‘maghrib’.
daleel = hadith of imam jibra’il - on the first day, when the sun moves towards ‘maghrib’ .
what is meant by زوال?
sun going down
what is meant by نصف النهر?
how can you tell that it is نصف النهر?
midday / half of the day
signs:
- nothing has a shadow
- lasts for 10-15 mins
what is the arabic term for when everything has a shadow?
ظل
what is the arabic term for when the shadow of everything doubles?
when does this happen?
مثليه
as the sun goes towards ‘maghrib’
what are the 3 makruh times - اوقات ثلاثة مكرهه ?
why are these times makruh?
- طلو شمس - sunrise
- نصف النهر - midday / half of day
- غروب شمس - sunset
SUNRISE - a red sun rises and satan comes in front of the sun and says “people are worshipping me”
MIDDAY - hellfire is more increased / exhausted
SUNSET - the satan comes in front of the sun and says “people are worshipping me”
how do we know that these times are makruh?
هديث عقبة
Ibn Umar narrated that, “there are 3 times in which prophet (saw) forbade us, and that we should not pray and that we should not bury in it our deads (i.e janazah salah). This is when the sunrises until it rises properly, and when it goes down until it goes down properly, and while the sun is changing for sunset until it sets properly
what is the only exception for the makruh salah timings, and why?
asr salah
because it is better to read it in a makruh time than to make it qadah
when is it makruh to read nafl salah?
- fajr to sunrise
- asr to sunset
however, it is permissible to read any missed salah in these times or do sajadah talawat or janazah salah
what is sajadah talawat?
14 ayahs in the quraan where you should do sajadah
these ayahs are called ayat-e-sajadah
what is the islamic and literal meaning of adhaan?
islamic - when the time of salaah has come and you say some specific words/phrases in a specific order
literal - announcement
can we say that it is biddah that there is another adhaan on friday?
no because biddah means a new innovation in islam however this is not a new innovation because it was introduced by Hazrat Uthman Ghazy
describe the story of the introduction of the adhaan
in the fifth year of prophethood, when the prophet (saw) went on miraaj, Allah gave the order of salaah. When the prophet was in Makkah, he was oppressed and couldn’t read salah openly due to the enemies distracting and torturing him. Then, Hazrat Umar accepted Islam and was brave and held his sword and scared the enemies, so that the prophet and the sahabah could pray peacefully in masjid-e-haram. They migrated to Madinah and found peace in praying there.
One day, they had a meeting to discuss about how to let people know about jamaat time. One person suggested to go on a mountain and invite people (1), another said to burn fire (2), another said to do drumming (5), and one said to blow into a horn (4). This idea was taken into consideration. After this, the fourth option was finalised.
Abdullah bin Zaid (a sahabi), he said “When the horn was finalised, I was sleeping and I was dreaming. I saw in the dream a person holding a horn, I said to him, ‘Are you going to sell it?’ The person asked, ‘What are you going to do with it?’ I said, ‘We will use it to call people for salah.’ The person said, ‘Shall I tell you something better than it?’ I replied, ‘Of course.’ Then the person said the words of the adhaan, and said to say the same for iqamat but add 2 sentences
Abdullah bin Zaid came to prophet (saw) and told him his dream ; the prophet said, “Your dream is right inshallah ; go to bilal and teach these words to him.” Bilal delivered the adhaan and people heard it, including Umar whilst being in his house. Umar came quickly, and said, “I swear by the one who has sent you with the truth, I have seen the same dream as Abdullah.” Then, the prophet said, “Alhamdulilah”
why did the prophet choose Bilal (rad) to deliver the adhaan?
this is because he has a loud voice
how many other sahabah had the same dream as Abdullah?
17
how many sentences are in adhaan?
15
17 in fajr
how many adhaans are there per day?
saturday –> thursday = 5 adhaans
friday = 6 adhaans
what are the two extra sentences in fajr and when are they said?
الصلاة خير من النوم x2
these are said after “haya ‘alal fal’a”
what should you do if you miss salah?
- you should do qadah and tawbah (when you do qadah salah you only read fardh parts of salah)
- some scholars say that if you miss salah, you should only do istighfar ; these people are called “ahlul hadees” and they do not follow logic. However, in this matter, they are against their own belief
describe the story of how the 2 sentences of fajr were introduced?
When Bilal found the prophet (saw) sleeping, Bilal said, “الصلاة خير من النوم.” When the prophet woke up he said, “ما أ حسن هذا يا بلال!, put it in your adhaan”
So this is specifically said in fajr salaah because it is the time of sleeping an not realising
what is the difference between iqamah and adhaan?
IQAMAH :
- has قد قامت الصلاة twice
- fast
ADHAAN:
- read slowly
what is the daleel of doing qadah of missed salaah?
- sahabah and prophet were travelling and stopped somewhere to rest. Prophet feared that if they slept that they would miss fajr salaah, however Bilal reassured them that he would stay awake and do adhaan for them. He reclined on something but tried his best not to sleep but he still slept. When it was sunrise, prophet (saw) awoke and then Bilal did the adhaan and all the sahabah read qadah of fajr salah
- In Ghazwa Khandaq (the Battle of Ahzab/Trenches), 4 salah were missed whilst the prophet and sahabah were digging the trench, so they did qadah of these 4 salahs
what is the first condition to praying salah?
what is the daleel for this?
- it is fardh upon the praying person that he should be clean from any impurity an cleaned from najaas
Allah (SWT) says: “وثيابك فطهر” = “so keep your clothes pure”
Allah (SWT) also says: “وان كنتم جنب فاطهروا” = “and if you are interactive purify yourself”
Allah (SWT) only says to keep your clothes pure, so how do we know that we are meant to keep our body clean aswell?
it is more important to keep your body clean than your clothes because it has a higher rank
what is the second condition for praying salah?
what is the daleel for this?
- to cover yourself
Allah (SWT) says: “خذواْ زينتكم عند كل مسجد” = “have your zinat covered at the time of every single salah”
what is the arabic term for “things you have to cover”?
عورة
define كشف ستر
things that are uncovered but should be covered
if a part that should be covered is uncovered, what is the consequence?
you have to workout the measurements of every body part individually.
if a quarter or third of that body part is uncovered, you should repeat your salah. If it is less than a quarter you do not need to repeat your salah.
what is the opinion of Abu Hanifa, Imam Mohammad and Imam Yusuf on a body part of a woman being uncovered whilst praying?
According to Abu Hanifa, if a woman prays and a quarter of her leg (calf) is uncovered or a third, then she should repeat her salah
According to Imam Mohammad, if a woman prays and the part of her uncovered calf is less than a quarter, she should not repeat her salah.
According to Imam Yusuf, if a woman prays and the part of her uncovered calf is less than a half she should not repeat it.
what is the ruling on impure clothes in relation to praying?
- you should have pure and clean clothes on when praying
- however, if you only have one pair of clothes, and they are impure then you should offer salah with you impure clothes.
what is the ruling on witr salah?
witr is:
- waajib, according to Abu Hanifa
- sunnah, according to Imam Yusuf and Mohammad
how many rakats does witr salah have?
3 rakats
- you have to read these 3 rakats all together and not seperately as prophet (saw) used to read them together
what is different about witr compared to other salahs?
- you read dua qunoot in the 3rd rakat before ruku
what is sajdah sahw?
how do you do sajdah sahw?
if you make a mistake in salaah (i.e adding a step or forgetting a step) then you should do sajdah sahw.
it is 2 sajdahs after the salaam
- you should read tashahud and then do salaam
what is the ruling of salaah on a sick person?
what is the daleel of this?
when a sick person is unable to stand, he should pray whilst sitting, and just do ruku and sajdah
Prophet (saw) said to Imran bin Husain : “Pray while standing. If you can’t do it, then pray while standing. If you can’t pray while sitting, pray while lying, and do isha’ra of ruku and sajdah.”
what is meant by isha’ra?
gesture / signs
what are the two types of miswaak?
- dry
- fresh - has more flavour
what is the ruling of moustache of men and women?
MEN - keep it short, so that if they eat or drink something it should not touch the moustache hair
WOMEN - it is mustahab to remove it