hi there Flashcards
What changed in the early 1400s that spurred European Exploration?
The renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure. As well as the desire to grow rich and spread Christianity.
What was the main reason for European Exploration?
To become wealthy
What did goods do traders want from Asia?
Luxury items like spices.
Why could merchants charge high prices for these goods?
Because no one else could access them.
Explain the trading relationship between Italian and Muslim traders.
The Muslims sold the Asian goods to the Italians who then sold it to other merchants.
What motivated England, Spain, Portugal, and France to bypass Italian traders?
To seek lower prices.
Why did the desire to spread Christianity motivate Europeans?
The crusades had left a feeling of hostility between the Christians and Muslims and the Europeans believed that it was a sacred duty to fight the Muslims but also convert non-Christians.
what year was the Age of Exploration
1400-1800
Why spices?
Preservation, flavor, medicines, perfumes
What did the Portuguese want from Africans?
Gold and ivory
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Is a was a treaty which represented an imaginary line between dividing the east and west giving the east lands to Portugal.
How were the people of Asia affected by European contact?
The port cities were the only places affected by Europe.
why was Portugal the first to begin exploration?
Geographical location (being on the coast of Europe)
where did Portugal begin exploration?
the western coast of Africa
where did Portugal want to travel to?
east indies
Who was prince henry?
Portugese prince, navigator, fouded navigation school
Who was Bartholomeu Dias?
explorer who rounded the tip of africa (cape of good hope), mapped out the west coast of Africa
who was Vasco Da Gama?
10 month voyage to India, first to reach India, returned with 60 times the cost of the voyage
who was Pedro Cabral?
accidentally discovered South America, discovered what is now Brazil, claimed Brazil for Portugal
who is amerigo vespucci?
took voyages to the new world, wrote letters to describe the geography, he lead to the naming of America (amerigo)
Who was vasco de babola?
led an expedition to Panama, “discovered” the pacific ocean
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
He led an expedition to the Philippines.
who funded Columbus’s voyage?
Spain
what were causes of the other countries not funding Columbus?
They weren’t heavily involved with exploration, didn’t need more explorers, mostly the risks outweighed the rewards.
What is the Portolan?
charts (maps) made by medieval navigators and mathematicians PROBLEM didn’t take into account the curve of the earth
What is the astroable
brass circle adjusted rings marked off in degrees, perfected by the Muslims, used the stars to calculate latitude
What is the magnetic Compass
Invented by the Chinese, used to accurately track direction
what was the carvel
Portuguese ship, had triangular sails to be faster and more powerful against strong winds
4 technology advancements
The portolan, Astrolabe, magnetic compass, carvel
advantages of the Spanish
weaponry, horses, immunity
capitalism meaning
A free market, competition with others
Mercantilism meaning
country/government controls the market, exporting more than importing
Incans…
Largest empire, Located in Andean
Mountains (Peru)
Aztecs…
War-like culture, Ritual sacrifices, Montezuma was emperor
Mayans…
Longest-lasting continuous empire, Located in Yucatan Peninsula, Single most-studied group by archeologists, Art, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture, and writing, Wrote all accomplishments in codices
encomienda system
when the Spanish made the people do work for them (slavery with no lable)
who was Hernán Cortés
SAILED FOR SPAIN, LED 600 MEN TO TENOCHTITLAN, 1521 destroyed the capital or Tenochtitlan
The middle passage
The journey the slaves had to take from Africa to the Americas
what 3 countries were involved in the triangular trade
America, Africa, Europe
Africa sent ____ America, America sent ____ to Europe, Europe sent, ____ to Africa
Slaves, Raw materials, Manufactured goods
conditions on the slave ships
the ships were cramped, smelly, disease filled, and overall miserable.
what were Indentured servants
poor whites, get paid to come work on land to repay the costs it took to be sent to America
what was the problem with indentured servants
ran out of land, workload outweighed the people
what is the Colombian exchange?
the global exchange of goods, ideas, plants and animals that began with Columbus’ exploration to the Americas
more food means
more people (well balanced diet)
what was brought from Europe to America?
disease, livestock, grains, peaches, olives, citrus fruits (more)
what was brought from America to Europe?
vanilla, corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers
