hi

Question 1

What element bonds with others to make up the molecules of life?

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

How many valence electrons does carbon

have?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What three types of bonds does carbon

typically form with other carbon atoms?

Answer 3

single, double, triple

Question 4

What are the five main elements that
carbon bonds to to create life’s complex
structures?

Answer 4

oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen

Question 5

Organic molecules are

Answer 5

molecules that contain

carbon and they are essential to life

Question 6

Monomers are

Answer 6

small molecules that link

together

Question 7

Polymers are

Answer 7

are straight chains of monomers

linked together

Question 8

What are the four major

groups of macromolecules?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins.

Question 9

Synthesis of polymer

Answer 9

dehydration

Question 10

Breakdown of polymer

Answer 10

hydrolysis

Question 11

Carbohydrates are always multiple

of

Answer 11

CH2O

Question 12

Carbohydrates are

Answer 12

fast fuel(sugar)

Question 13

monomer:

Answer 13

monosaccharide

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

slow fuel; energy is stored within, saturated & unsaturated forms, Hydrophobic; important for cell
membranes

Question 15

examples of lipids

Answer 15

Triglycerides, steroids, waxes

Question 16

Lipids:

Answer 16

hydrophobic molecules consist ofglycerol and fatty acids

Question 17

Lipids are NOT considered polymers. Why?

Answer 17

Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol, which are quite different from one another. They are not linked together in a chain.

Question 18

why are saturated fats solid?

Answer 18

the molecules of a saturated fat, such as butter, pack closely together, forming a solid

Question 19

why are unsaturated fats liquid?

Answer 19

due to kinks in their fatty acid chains, the molecules cannot pack together to form a solid

Question 20

Phospholipids make up

Answer 20

cell membranes

Question 21

What are saturated fats saturated with?

Answer 21

hydrogen atoms

Question 22

examples of Proteins

Answer 22

peptides and polypeptides

Question 23

proteins:

Answer 23

Important for many cellular functions (enzymes, storage) ,Four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 24

monomer of protein:

Answer 24

amino acid

Question 25

What kind of bonds join peptides?

Answer 25

peptide bonds

Question 26

What type of bond links the fatty acid chains to the
glycerol in triglycerides? What type of biomolecules are
triglycerides?

Answer 26

Lipids

Question 27

List at least 2 of the three subunits that make up an

amino acid?

Answer 27

carboxylic group, amino group, r side chain

Question 28

What determines the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 28

The sequence of amino acids

Question 29

If there are 12 carbon atoms in a carbohydrate molecule, how many oxygens are there? How many hydrogens?

Answer 29

12 oxygen, 24 hydrogen

Question 30

hormones are

Answer 30

lipids

Question 31

This is a difference between DNA and RNA.

Answer 31

They have a different 5-carbon sugar

Question 32

Are the cells in your muscles different from the cells in your brain because they contain different DNA?

Answer 32

no, because of gene expression

Question 33

What gives an amino acid its identity? For example,

what differs between alanine and arginine?

Answer 33

R side chain

Question 34

What types of foods may contain nucleic acids?

Answer 34

natural foods

Question 35

What type of bonds join protein monomers together?

Answer 35

peptide bonds

Question 36

Describe each level of protein structure.

Answer 36

primary: sequence of amino acids
secondary: 2D folding
tertiary: 3D folding
Quarternary: joining with other peptides