Hi Flashcards
What are the layers of Earth’s mantle?
mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere.
What is sublimation?
Substance changes from solid to a gas without ever passing through a liquid phase
What are the layers of the Earth, beginning with outermost layer?
the crust, followed by the mantle, outer core, and inner core.
What is the method which scientists develop and test theories called?
Scientific method
What is kinetic energy?
energy a object possesses due to its motion
Four general blood types?
A, B, AB, O
8 planets closest to the sun
Mercury, followed by Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
All wavelengths and frequencies of radiation are on the _____.
Electromagnetic spectrum
What does the first law of thermodynamics say?
that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred and converted.
What is a fault line ?
A fault line is space between Earth’s tectonic plates.
What is refraction of light?
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their environment.
What does the prefix centi- mean in the metric system?
The metric prefix centi- means one-hundredth, or 0.01.
What does DNA do?
determines an organism’s traits and genetic makeup.
What is the solid rock below Earth’s crust called?
Mantle
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell is a cell with a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.
Earth surface is called?
Crust
In human genetics, a healthy person has _____ pairs of chromosomes.
23
What unit measures energy, work, and quantity of heat?
Joule
What is biodiversity?
Variety of life within ecosystems
What is osmosis?
movement of liquid through the cell membrane (and the main way that water goes in and out of cells).
What types of nutrients do animals need for fuel?
carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins, and water for fuel.
Brain is part of what system?
Nervous system
The very rigid molecular structure of repeating patterns found in solids is called _____.
Crystal lattice
What do scientists believe is in Earth’s core?
Iron nickel
The pH scale ranges from _____.
0 to 14
Animals that eats plants are called ______.
Omnivores
What are the six major types of bone joints?
Hinge joints, ball and socket joints, pivot joints, fixed joints, saddle joints, condyloid joints, and gliding joints
Climate
Patterns in weather over time (usually 30 years or more)
Plants root systems include
Vascular tissue, primary roots, and secondary roots
An elements atomic number corresponds with____.
of protons
An element or molecule that results from a chemical reaction is called ______.
Product
Every cell has what four things in common?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, a membrane, and ribosomes
What do plant cells contain that animals cells contain that animal cells do not?
Chloroplast which help create food with the help of sunlight
What is the rate of gravity on earth
9.8 meters per sec
What are the terrestrial planets?
The inner four planets in Earth’s solar system are terrestrial (Earthlike) planets comprised mainly of iron and rock.
What is the base unit of the length in the SI system?
The meter
Positively charged particles are called ____
Protons
What is thermal equilibrium ?
No heat is flowing between objects
What is ribosome?
organelle that processes genetic instructions so the cell can create proteins.
The process that rearranges a substance’s molecular structure is called _____.
a chemical reaction
What is the respiratory system responsible for?
for inhaling air, using oxygen from the air to release energy, and exhaling carbon dioxide.
What are ions?
Ions are electrically charged atoms or substances.
Negativity charged particles are called _____.
Electrons
When a substance transforms from a gas to a liquid, it goes through the process called _____.
Condensation
What is the function of a cells nucleus ?
A cell’s nucleus controls cellular activity and holds the cell’s genetic material (DNA).
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction.
The amount of matter an object is called its ______.
Mass
Sound waves are measured in what two units?
Amplitude and wavelength
What is the basic unit of mass or weight in metric system?
Gram
What unit measures force
Newton
What formula converts Celsius to Fahrenheit?
F=9/5C+32
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
are light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.
What’s at the center of the Milky Way galaxy?
Black hole
Particles with no charge are called _____.
Neutrons
What is the formula for work in physics?
W=Fd
What is the function of white blood cells?
White blood cells fight infection
What causes metamorphic rock to form?
Intense heat and pressure below Earth’s surface forms metamorphic rock.
One foot is approximately equal to how many meters?
0.3 meters
What is DNA’s function?
DNA carries hereditary information that controls the protein synthesis in living organisms.
The system of measurement that’s based on a decimal system of multiples and fractions of ten is called _____.
Metric system
What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus
_____ is the study of Earth’s physical appearance.
Geology
What is a catalyst
substance that reduces the activation energy of a chemical reaction, making the reaction possible and increasing its speed.
What does a plant’s root system do?
absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, holds the plant in place, and stores nutrients.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
cell that doesn’t have an enclosed nucleus.
What are the five oceans classified by scientists?
The Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans
Newton’s first law
Object at rest stays at rest, object in motion stay ins motion
Plants can produce in what 2 ways
Sexually and asexually
3 types of human muscle
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle.
What is igneous rock made from?cooled
Magma
The muscles that control your voluntary movements are what kind of muscle?
Skeletal muscle
Elements joined by chemical bonds in a specific ratio are called _____.
Compounds
Elements joined by chemical bonds in a specific ratio are called _____.
Compounds
What do ligaments and tendons do?
Ligaments join the bones, and tendons connect muscle tissue to bones and other structures in the body.
What is the purpose of the renal system?
filters toxins out of the body.
What is water’s boiling point at sea level, in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit?
100 Celsius and 212 Fahrenheit
What are the three ways heat energy transfers between objects?
Heat energy transfers through conduction, convection, and radiation.
What forms sedimentary rock?
Sediment, such as particles of sand, seashells, and bone fragments that harden over time, is the basis of sedimentary rock.
In which layer of Earth’s atmosphere do most weather changes occur?
Most of Earth’s weather changes happen in the troposphere
How thick is Earth’s atmosphere?
300 miles thick.
